Respiratory Drugs

define t lmyphocyte as they relate to respirtory disorders

Type 2 play a key role in asthma pathogenesis

define Neutrophils as they relate to respirtory disorders

vital participants in COPD pathogenesis

What agonists increase bronchodilation? Through what nervous systems which is through what nervous system?

β2-adrenergic agonists ; sympathetic nervous system

which is apart of the autonomic nervous system*

What agonists decrease broncostriction? Through what nervous systems which is through what nervous system?

anticholinergics; parasympathetic nervous system which is apart of the autonomic nervous system

What do phosphodiesterase inhibitor do?

and what does that mean

inhibit conversion of cAMP to AMP

• leads to smooth muscle relaxation

β2-adrenergic agonists are modified ______

and what does this mean and examples of those that do it

catecholamines

• epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
• bronchodilation, reduced airway hyper-responsiveness, reduced inflammatory cytokine production

What does "diffusion microkinetic theory" explain?

the sustained mechanism of action of long-acting β2-adrenergic agonists

What drives the adverse effects resulting from β2-adrenergic receptor desensitization & downregulation?

driven by the S-enantiomer of long-acting β2-adrenergic agonists

(if theres less b2 receptors there is more inflammtion by thr s-enantominer)

What is the only OTC medication approved for very mild asthma exacerbations? What are the adverse rxs?

primatene mist

adverse rx: increased blood pressure

Anticholinergics are ______ based and act on what receptors?

atropine based

act on M3 smooth muscle receptors in the lungs

What do corticosteroids decrease? (3)

inflammatory cytokine production

- vascular leakiness

- mucus secretion

What do corticosteroids increase?

- β2-adrenergic receptor expression

How do corticosteroids increase β2-adrenergic receptor expression?

thru corticosteroid induced upregulation of β2-adrenergic receptors

(since corticosteriods reduce inglammatio there are more b2 receptors for b2 agnoists)

What is the key difference between the mechanism of action between leukotriene inhibitors & leukotriene antagonists?

leukotriene inhibitors block LTB4 production which reduces neutrophil and eosinophil chemotaxis

What are chromones effective for? and how

effective for the prevention of asthma attacks

• reduces airway hyper reactivity & manages chronic symptoms

What are chromones not effective for?

not effective for onset of acute asthmatic attacks,

What monoclonal antibody is especially effective in treating asthma patients with allergies? How does it work? what is this is an exmaple of

omalizumab; blocks free IgE

• monoclonal antibody

_____ patients experience increased air-flow resistance whereas _____ patients experience low lung recoil

asthma ; COPD

It is recommended that all asthma patients carry __________ medication for intermittent asthma attacks

short acting B2-adrenergic agonist medication

A clinical office kit should include access to ______

oxygen & epinephrine

In general, COPD patients benefit from what combined therapy?

anticholinergic & β2-adrenergic agonist therapy

What medication is very effective at increasing mucus clearance? What does it require of patients?

Guaifenesin ; requires patients to maintain sufficient water intake in order to maximize therapeutic effects