solubility guidelines

always soluble

• Nitrates (NO₃⁻), chlorates (ClO₃⁻), acetates (C₂H₃O₂⁻), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)

• Alkali metal compounds (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, and Cs⁺)

• Ammonium compounds (NH₄⁺)

soluble w/ exceptions

• Chlorides, bromides, iodides (Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻)

  • Exceptions: Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺

• Sulfates (SO₄²⁻)

  • Exceptions: Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺

insoluble except w/ always soluble cations

• Carbonates (CO₃²⁻)

• Phosphates (PO₄³⁻)

• Chromates (CrO₄²⁻)

• Sulfides (S²⁻)

insoluble except w/ always soluble cations and other exceptions

• Hydroxides (OH⁻)

  • Exceptions: Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺