Health Policy, Politics, and Reform

Vocabulary flashcards covering health policy, political processes, nursing advocacy, economics, and healthcare reform principles.

Policies

A set of principles that govern an action to achieve a given outcome, or guidelines that direct individuals' behavior toward a specific goal.

Health Policies

Policies that impact the health of an individual, a family, and a population or community.

Health in All Policies (HiAP)

A useful way to think about the extent to which a policy will impact health across various sectors.

Right Person(s)

The 'Who' element of the Four Rs of advocacy; involves identifying the policy decision-makers and influential stakeholders involved.

Right Information

The 'What' element of the Four Rs of advocacy; stresses that authentic and accurate information is key.

Right Time

The 'When' element of the Four Rs of advocacy; emphasizes knowing when important policy decisions will be discussed and made.

Right Approach

The 'How' element of the Four Rs of advocacy; involves considering the best way to deliver information, available time, tone, content, and follow-up plan.

Politics

The art or science concerned with guiding or influencing governmental policy.

Influence

The ability of an individual (agent) to sway or affect another person or group (target) based on authority, status, knowledge-based competence, communication traits, and use of time and timing.

Advocacy

Sharing information and working to advance a particular point of view or objective.

Involving Politics

The process of influencing the allocation of resources needed to enable policy and the strategies needed to achieve desired goals.

Policy-Making Process

A multi-stage process involving agenda setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation, policy assessment, and policy modification.

Economics

The study of how individuals, groups, organizations, and society allocate and utilize resources.

National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA)

A measurement system for annual U.S. expenditures for healthcare goods and services, public health activities, government administration, net cost of health insurance, and healthcare investments.

Cost–Benefit Analysis

A method to compare the costs and benefits of an intervention, where both costs and benefits are expressed in monetary units.

Fee-for-Service Structure

A healthcare payment model used by private insurance contracts that pays providers based on the volume of services provided rather than focusing on quality outcomes.

Incrementalism

The pattern wherein most changes in health policy occur as small iterative changes to existing policy.

The Future of Nursing 2020–2030

A 2021 report titled 'Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity' that provides 9 recommendations and 54 sub-recommendations to achieve health equity.

Quality of Care

Defined by the Institute of Medicine (2001) as the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired outcomes and are consistent with current knowledge.

Equity in Healthcare

Healthcare delivery that does not vary in quality because of gender, race, ethnicity, geographic location, or socioeconomic status.