Chapter 24 - REVIEW

Metabolism is best described as:

A sum of all catabolic and anabolic reactions in the body.

What is a catabolic reaction?

It is a chemical reaction utilizing enzymes to break down large molecules to release energy. Stops oxidations.

What is a anabolic reaction?

It is when the body absorbs small molecules to synthesize into large ones that need energy. Hydrogen is added to the molecule.

What is the most important outcome of cellular respiration?

ATP; Energy transformed from food

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is:

A molecule cells use to store energy.

A person becomes hungry after he has NOT eaten for a time because:

Because glucose levels going down/Not detected by the hypothalamus.

Uncontrolled ketosis ultimately will result in:

Acidocis Ana Suprasitinoses that leads into coma.

Ammonia produced by deamination is converted by the liver into a less toxic substance called:

Urea

Which of the following produces the most body heat?

Catabolism

The principal result of glucose metabolism is the:

Produce ATP

Basal metabolic rate is a measurement of the body's energy needs when it is:

At rest.

The formation of glycogen from glucose is called:

Glycogenesis

Before fatty acids can be oxidized by means of the Krebs cycle, they must be converted into:

Acetyl Coenzyme A

Before fatty acids can be utilized as fuel, they are degraded by beta oxidation to molecules of:

Acetyl Coenzyme A

Excess protein taken into the body will be:

Converted to fat.

Carbon dioxide plus ammonia forms:

Urea

Most biological oxidations are:

Dehydration

Conversion of NAD1 to NADH and H1 is:

Reduction

The function of coenzyme A in glucose metabolism is:

Carry two carbon units into krebs cycle which form Acetyl Coenzyme A

The primary significance of the Krebs cycle in terms of ATP production is:

To transfer energy to NADH and FADH.

Each molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the Krebs cycle produces how many molecules of carbon dioxide?

Two carbon.

The end-products of the complete aerobic oxidation of glucose are:

CO2, H2O, and ATP.

Which of the following processes requires oxygen?

The electron transfer system.

The most common carbohydrate “fuel” for living organisms is:

Glucose

Enzymes of the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain are located in the:

Mitochondria

Where the glycolysis is carried out in the cell?

Cytoplasm

What is DHL?

High Density Lipoproteins removes excess cholesterol from blood and sends it to the liver for elimination. It is considered a “Good Cholesterol”.

NOT TRUE: Transfers cholesterol from liver to cells.

What is LDL?

Low Density Lipoproteins transports cholesterol to cells. If cholesterol is abundant, [this] will deposit cholesterol onto smooth muscle of arteries. This can cause coronary artery disease and heart attack.

NOT TRUE: Transfer cholesterol from blood to liver for elimination.

Which of the following is not considered a key molecule of metabolic crossroad:

Citric Acid

A process called deamination in the hepatocytes is involved in the catabolism of _____.

Protein or Amino Acids

During the breakdown of glucose, what are the net gain of ATP in anaerobic pathway?

Only two molecules of ATP is produced of glucose. 36 or 38 Net gain.

How can energy be obtained from amino acids?

All are correct.

Which statement about lipids broken down is correct?

Triglycerides have to be changed into acetyl CoA before entering Krebs cycle.

What is gluconeogenesis?

The body synthesis glycogin or sugar from other sources.

Which statement is correct about the regulation of absorptive phase?

All are correct.

Which statement is correct about the regulation of postabsorptive phase?

All are correct.

Which is the factor that is involved in heat exchange with the environment?

• Raditation

• Evaporation

• Conduction

• Head and cold exchange.