Lesson 3.1: The cranial banes

Which bones are cranial and which are facial?

Cranial bones (6)

• Frontal

• Temporal (2)

• Parietal (2)

• Occipital

• Sphenoid

• Ethmoid

Facial bones (8)

• Maxilla (2)

• Lacrimal (2)

• Palatine (2)

• Inferior nasal conchae (2)

• Nasal (2)

• Vomer

• Zygomatic (2)

• Mandible

Where is the frontal bone located?

In the anterosuperior area of the skull

What does the frontal bone articulate with?

Parietal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary, zygomatic, lacrimal and nasal bones

What does the frontal bone contain?

The frontal sinuses

What are the two portions of the frontal bone?

• Squamous (vertical)

• Orbital or orbitonasal (horizonttal) - roof of orbit

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Indicate following structures of the frontal bone:

• Ethmoid notch

• Orbitary fossa

• Anterior and posterior ethmoidal canals

• Frontonasal canal (connects sinuses wtih nasal cavity)

Indicate following structures of the frontal bone:

• Frontal crest

• Ethmoidal notch

• Foramen cecum

• Frontal fossae

Where is the ethmoid bone located?

Ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone

What does the ethmoid bone participate in?

Participates in the facial mass (nasal cavities and orbits)

What is the function of the ethmoid bone?

Separates the nasal cavity from the brain and contains the etmoidal sinuses (cells)

With which bones does the ethmoid bone articulate with?

Frontal, sphenoid, nasal, inferior nasal concha, vomer, lacrimal, palatine and maxillary bones

What are the 3 parts of the ethmoid bone?

• Perpendicular plate

• Cribiform plate

• Lateral portions or Ethmoidal labyrinth

With which bones does the posterior side of the ethmoid bone articulate?

It articulates with sphenoid and palatine

Where is the sphenoid bone located?

Middle portion of the skull base, between the ethmoid and basilar part of the occipital

With which bones does the sphenoid articulate with?

• Frontal

• Ethmoid

• Occipital

• Parietal

• Temporal

• Palatine

• Zygomatic

What does the sphenoid bone contain and participate in?

Contains the sphenoid sinus and participates in the nasal cavities and orbits

How is the sphenoid bone shaped?

Like a butterfly

What are the parts of the sphenoid bone?

• Body

• Greater wings

• Lesser wings

• Pterygoid process

What are the parts of the sphenoid bone?

• Body

• Greater wings

• Lesser wings

• Pterygoid process

Anterior

Posterior

What does the posterior surface of the sphenoid body join?

The basilar part of occipital bone

What does the pterygoid notch articulate with?

It articulates with the pyramidal process of the palatine bone

Where is the temporal bone located?

In the lower and lateral are of the skull

What does the temporal bone participate in?

In the base of skull

With which bones does the temporal bone articulate?

• Parietal

• occipital

• Sphenoid

• Zygomatic

• Mandible

What are the 4 parts that form the temporal bone?

• Squamous portion

• Petrous portion

• Mastoid portion

• Tympanic portion

Which nerves pass through the internal auditory canal?

Cranial nerves 7 and 8

What is the cause of the marks inside the temporal bone?

Arteries that press against the bone

Where is the parietal bone located?

In the upper and lateral area of the skull

With which bones do the parietal bones articulate?

With the contralateral parietal, occipital, sphenoid and frontal

How is the shape of the parietal bone and what do they participate in?

They are flat and quadrangular bones that participate in the cranial vault

What are the 4 sutures of the parietal bone?

• Saggital: with contralateral parietal

• Squamous: with sphenoid and temporal

• Coronal. With frontal

• Lambdiodea: with the occipital

Where is the occipital bone located?

Posterior and lower portion of the skull

With which does the occipital bone articulate?

• Parietal

• Sphenoid

• Temporal

What are the 4 parts of the occipital bone?

• Basilar portion

• 2 lateral portions

• Squamous portion