Dental Calculus

Calculus def

a mineralized plaque bioflim

Supramarginal calculus def

submarginal calculus def

Where is the most common sites of formation of calc on the sub gingival

proximal surfaces, which is any subgingival root or tooth surface where biofilm has not been removed

Where is the most common sites of formation of calc on the supra gingival

on tooth surfaces opposite of the salivary duct openings, such as the mandibular anterior lingual, maxillary molar facial

what is a product of biofilm but does not causes disease

What causes diesase

Where can biofilm build on hard surfaces

Natural teeth, restorations, dental appliances

Calcus increases with ____

age, but can occur to patients of all ages

Where are the most common places to find calculus

mandibular anterir lingual, maxillary molat buccals, amd proximal surfaces

Where are the sites that calculus can form

will and can form in any site where plaque is retained

What are the clinical appearance of supraginigival calculus

white, creamy, gray, can be stained by anything intakes

How does supraginigival calcus does supragingival calculus feel?

moderately hard, prorous, and covered by plaque

What are the clinical appearance of subginigival calculus

light yellow, brown or green

Where is subginigival calculs usually found

on proximal surfaces

What are factors that contribute to calculus

poor oral hygiene, diets high in carbs and soft foods, missing teeth, heredity, tooth functions and use, prescence of pockets.

How do you detect calculus

tactile sensitivity when using an explorer, probe, or scaler

What do you do before you start to examine claculus in the mouth

Use compressed air to see visual changes in tissue

How do you detect calculus with senses

tactile sense, visual examination, and visual changes

How do you classify the appearance and formation of calculus

Levels that are 1, 2, and 3

What is level 1 of calculus

light calculus which will be granular, veneer, or frosty calculus

How does level 1 calculs feel

Like rough sandpaper to explorer

What is level 2 of calculus

a light ledge or spicules detectable as a bump

How does level 2 calculus feel

Bigger elevations will be detectable, more like small rocks, not just sandpaper

What is level 3 calculus

a larger bump that forms a ring around the entire tooth

How does level 3 calculus feel

Obviously, detectable jump with the explorer on all surfaces

How do hygientist supposed to remove calculus

usually requiring firm lateral pressure, with short strokes or syrokes that overlep

What is burnished calculus

calc that was not properly removed forming a smooth elevation on the tooth surfaces

How is burnished calculus causes

The result of inadequate lateral pressure, dull instruments, or improper technique

what type of calculus is tenacious

older established depsoits

___ gingival deposits are generally more tenacious than ___ gingival deposits

sub, supra

What is calculus made up of

75-85% of inoeganic componenrs, and organic components

What are the main minerals of calculus

calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, calcium, and phosphorous

What are the other inorganic components of calcus that make up the 75 - 80 perecent that does not include the main minerals?

Hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate crystalline forms

What is the organic components that are included in calculus?

epithelial cells, protein polysaccharide complexes, sugars and carbohydrates, as well as microgransims such as cocci, rods, and filamentous forms

Biofilm formation happens more easily on _____ than bacteria

calculus

What are the 3 phases formation of calculus

pellicile formation, biofilm formation, and mineralization

phase 1 of calculus formation is pellicle formation which is formed…

within mintutes of deposit removal

phase 2 of calculus formation is biofilm formation which is formed when…

microorgansims settle and colonies form, grow and mature

When does calc start to mineralize

can begin within 24-72 hours of plaque formation, and starts as a minierlization foci

What is the pattern that calculus minieralization form

in layers parallel to the tooth

The sources of minerals calc minerlization vary by

location: supragingival is saliva and subgingival is gingival crevicular fluid

What is the rate of calc formation

the rate can vary from person to person

Wher is 90% of all calc forming

on the mandibular anterior teeth

When does foci formation happening for calc formation

within 24-72 hours

What is the rate of full cal minerlization

10-20 days

What is the average cal mineralization rate

12 days

What is the heavy cal mineralization rate

as little as 3-4 days

What is the light cal mineralization rate

20 days or more

Prophosphates does what

inhibits calcification

For heavy calculus formers these individuals possess what?

higher salivary levels of calcium and phosphorous than light formers

Light calculus formers possess what

Higher levels of parotid pyrophosphate

What are some systemic factors that contribute to calculus

diet consistency and contents, vitiamin deifiency, mineral suplements, high fats/high sugar diets, emotional states

What specific diet consistencey and contect is a systemic factor fir calc

Coarse foods retard formation

Soft foods hasten formation

Tube-fed patients sill form calculus

What are the three modes of calculus attachment

pellicle or cuticle, mechanical locking, and direct attachment

The pellicle or cuticle mode of cal attachment does what

Attaches directly to pellicle and the secondary cuticle forms on calculus layer which more calculus attaches to

The mechanical locking mode of calculus attachment is what

Enamel, cementum or root surface irregularities, areas of resorption, decalcification, previous instrumentation that serve as attachment points

The direct attachment mode of cal attachment does what

Penetrates matrix at varying levels interlocking crystals with tooth structure

What is the most frequent type of formation on cementum (requires cementum removal for total calc removal)?

direct attachment

More than 1 type of mode pf calc attachment can be found on ______

the same tooth

What is the relation of dental cal to dental biofim

Calculus is mineralized bacterial biofilm, its prevention depends on control

Calculus can increse the rate of _____ and _____ fomration

plaque/biofilm

What is the relation of dental calculus to relation to pockets

Plaque causes tissue inflammation. While mineral components attained from sulcular fluid = plaque to calculus

What factors should I teach my patients about calc

• What cal is

• How is calc formed

• How calc is removed—only by dental professionals—explain the individual patient factors—such as high-cal-formers needing more care, specific oral hygiene, and product recommendations

• how calc is covered by plaque, which has the potential to cause dental disease