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Goverment Employee Search

• the search had a legitimate work purpose,

• it was limited in scope,

• and not excessively intrusive.

. Conversations

(1) Each participant assumes the risk that another party may record or reveal the conversation [Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293 (1966)].
(2) There is no Fourth Amendment protection against misplaced confidences; using an informer does not constitute an unlawful search

Wiretapping

1. A valid wiretap requires:
   (a) Probable cause that a crime is occurring or has occurred;
   (b) Identification of suspects and specific conversations to be overheard;
   (c) A limited time for the wiretap, after which the recorded conversations are returned to the court.

Wiretapping Warrant Exception

1. Exceptions:

   • Foreign national security matters: Warrantless wiretaps are allowed.

   • Domestic matters: Even the President cannot authorize wiretaps without a neutral magistrate-approved warrant [United States v. U.S. District Court (E.D. Michigan), 407 U.S. 297 (1972)].