Biodental Science- Chapter 30

pharmacology:

• science of researching and developing drugs and studying their uses

drug derivatives:

• organic

• inorganic

drug derivatives: organic

• drugs derived from living organisms such as plants or animals

drug derivatives: inorganic

• drugs synthesized in the lab

identifying drugs:

• chemical name

• generic name

• brand or trade name

identifying drugs: chemical name

• drugs chemical formula

identifying drugs: generic name

• name that any business firm may use

identifying drugs: brand or trade name

• registered trademark

drugs: 2 categories

• patent medicines (over-the-counter)

• prescription drugs

patent medicines (over-the-counter):

• drugs that can be obtained w/o prescription

prescription drugs:

• “ethical drugs”

• supplied by pharmacist who has received a prescription

the prescription:

• written order by a physician or dentist for the preparation & administration of a medicine by the pharmacist

prescription: terminology

• superscription

• inscription

• subscription

• signature

prescription terminology: superscription

• patient name

• address

• date

• Rx

prescription terminology: inscription

• name

• quantity of the drug

prescription terminology: subscription

• directions for mixing the drug

prescription terminology: signature

• instructions to the patient on how to take the drug

physicians’ desk reference:

• “PDR”

• updated source of info supplied by drug companies about their product

• available as- bound text or CD-ROM

package inserts: are

• info sheet describing a drug for the patient

patient inserts: consist of

• side effects

• adverse & long term effects

• precautions

• contraindications

• dosage & route

dosage:

• amount of a drug that a pateint takes

specific factors in determining the dosage are:

• age

• weight

• time of day the drug is taken

• drug form

• patient tolerance of the drug

• other drugs the patient is taking

routes of drug administration:

• oral

• topical

• transdermal

• inhalation

• transdermal

• injection

absorption:

• drug is absorbed from the site of entry

• speed varies depending on the route

• slowest- oral

distribution:

• once a drug has entered the bloodstream, the chemical compound of the drug attaches to the protein within the blood

• circulated throughout the body to be released and take effect

metabolism:

• once the chemical compound is released, the drug becomes metabolized and is then excreted through the liver or kidneys

excretion:

• the drug leaves the body by the way of kidneys, liver, saliva, breast milk, sweat

controlled substances act:

• DEA

• scheduled drugs (schedule 1-5)

schedule 1:

• no current accepted medical usefulness and high potential for abuse

schedule 2:

• high potential for abuse but accepted medical usefulness as well

schedule 3:

• less abuse potential and accepted medical uses

schedule 4:

• low abuse potential and accepted medical use

schedule 5:

• not required to be prescribed

why do i need to know different drug classifications:

• helpful when reviewing a pts drug history

• gives knowledge of patients requiring premedication

• useful in dental procedures requiring different types of pain control

• assistance in a medical emergency

antibiotic prophylaxis: antibiotics are prescribed

• to an uninfected patient to prevent bacterial colonization

antibiotic prophylaxis:

• most common application is the prevention of infective endocarditis

• bacteria are abundant in the oral cavity

  • the antibiotic- decreases the bacterial colonization or adherence

side effects:

• body’s reaction to a drug

allergic reaction:

• increased sensitivity to a substance

anaphylaxis:

• sudden onset of an allergic reaction to a drug

drug tolerance:

• loss of effectiveness of a drug

drug addiction:

• physical dependence on a certain drug

common side effects of medications:

• dizziness

• hyperexcitability

• insomnia

• drowsiness

• sweating

a.a.

• of each

a.c.

• before meals

a.m.

• morning

b.i.d.

• twice a day

disp.

• dispense

h

• hour

h.s.

• at bedtime

NPO

• nothing by mouth

p.c.

• after meals

q.

• every

q.d.

• every day

q.i.d.

• four times a day

t, tsp

• teaspoon

T, tbs

• tablespoon

t.i.d.

• three times a day