Bio Test 4 (real)

Anaerobic respiration

Results in the production of lactate (lactic acid) 

Which type of chemical bond holds complementary base pairs of DNA 

Hydrogen bond  

Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is false? 

Enzymes increase the speed of a reaction by increasing the necessary energy of activation  

What is the primary purpose of lipids  

Concentrated energy source  

RNA polymerase synthesizes  

RNA 

All cells have the same genetic code  

True  

An addition of a 5’ cap and a poly-A tail is the characteristic feature of  

Processed mRNA 

Neef and other animal produces receive a bad reputation in our society because these products contain ______ that will increase your level of _______- 

Saturated fat, LDL’s  

During cellular respiration CO2 is produced in the following step  

Citric acid cycle  

RNA 

Is processed in the nucleus  

Isotopes have  

Same atomic number but different atomic mass  

What is the primary purpose of cholesterol  

Stabilize cell membranes  

DNA is composed of polymers (groups) of nucleotides. Which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide  

Protein  

_____ and _______ showed that DNA, not protein contain genetic information  

Hershey and chase  

The following are the phases of cellular respiration in the correct order  

Glycolysis, acetyl CoA, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain 

mRNA also code for a protein  

False  

Glycolysis generates a total of  

4 ATP 

In general frame shift mutations cause 

Large changes in protein structure   

In Transcription initiation, the _____ bind the _______, which is the beginning of the gene  

RNA polymerase, Promoter 

What is the primary function of RNA? 

Controls protein synthesis  

In transcription the following brings the amino acids to the growing chain of polypeptides  

tRNA 

High levels of ____ are considered potentially detrimental to your body because  

LDL’s, LDL’s transport cholesterol from the liver to the body cells  

During Aerobic cellular respiration, Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl CoA which enters the ____ 

Krebs cycle 

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) is during the following step in the cellular respiration  

glycolysis 

If the DNA template strand has the following sequence, what would be the nucleotide sequence of the complementary RNA molecule produced in transcription? 

UCAGAA 

Transcription factors can bind to a gene to affect the activity of DNA polymerase 

False 

Aerobic cellular respiration produces  

Water, ATP, CO2 

Which of the following is an electrolyte   

Na+ 

The function of microRNA is that 

Bind to mRNA and prevent translation  

Which of the following nucleotide is absent in RNA  

Thymine 

Most of the ATP generated in ARC is produced by which step 

ETC 

If 8 glucose molecules enter glycolysis, the net products will be ____ pyruvate molecules and ____ ATP molecules  

16, 16 

The protein activity can be regulated by ____ 

All of these

What is the main function of DNA 

Encode proteins  

Triglycerides are composed of  

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains  

Aerobic cellular respiration begins with what dietary product  

Carbohydrates (glucose) 

Transcription occurs in _____ steps  

3

Acetyl CoA combines with a 4-carbon molecule called _____, yielding 6-carbon citrate  

oxaloacetate 

ATP is a ____ composed of _______ 

Nucleic acid, Adenine + Ribose + 3 Phosphates  

Which of the following are purines 

Adenine and Guanine  

The ______ is region of DNA sequence upstream to the coding region where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription  

promoter 

What is an essential amino acid  

An amino acid that must be consumed in the diet  

Living things like you and plants are mostly composed of  

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur 

Which of these is a polysaccharide? 

Glycogen 

Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and Transfer RNA are involved in  

translation 

The RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) for carbohydrates is: 

125-175 g. 

A triglyceride with fatty acid chains containing 2 or more double bonds between carbon atoms is called a  

Polyunsaturated Fat 

Transporting NADH into the mitochondrion requires ________ making the total production of ATP equal to _______  

2 ATP, 36 

The termination of translation is determined by the  

By the presence of stop codon on mRNA  

Cellular respiration releases energy from glucose 

In a series of small steps  

Glycolysis occurs in the  

Cytosol  

Which step of aerobic cellular respiration can be anaerobic  

Glycolysis  

Which of these is the weakest type of bond  

Hydrogen bond  

Acids are compounds or elements that donate ___ in a chemical reaction. On the pH scale, acids are in which range 

H* (Hydrogen), 0-7 

Nucleotide substitution always causes mutation(s) in a gene 

False 

The substitution of DNA are called  

nucleotides 

Most chemical reactions (with the exception of digestive reactions in your stomach) in your body occur in what pH range 

pH 7.4+/- 0.05 

When ATP is broken down into ADP + P 

Energy is released 

Sickle cells anemia is caused by which of the following type of mutation? 

Single base substitution  

In cellular respiration, oxidation of glucose produces 

2 NADH