Tamponade, PE, pneumothorax

What is cardiac tamponade?

Blood in the pericardial sac

What is a pneumothorax?

a collapsed lung

what is ARDs?

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

What is COPD?

chronically restricted airway

What are the s/s of ARDs?

• SOB, tachypnea

• dry cough, chest pain

• increasingly diminshed lung sounds, crackles/ronchi

• tachycardia

• confusion

what are the s/s of COPD?

• SOB at rest, wheezing, chest tightness, productive cough for 3+ months, increased CO2

• Fatigue

• dusky skin, barrel chest, clubbed fingers

• smokers cough, difficulty inhaling. difficulty eating, polycythemia

what are the s/s of pneumonia?

• high fever

• SOB, rapid and shallow breathing

• sputum, dry/wet productive cough

• pleuritic chest pain

• ronchi, infiltrates on CXR

• diarrhea

What are the interventions for ARDs?

• treat cause

• supportive cause

  • fluids, nutrition, vasopressors

  • keep HOB 30-45

  • early prone positioning

• mechanical ventilation to allow lungs to heal

what are the interventions for COPD?

• breathing exercises, coughing

• chest PT, pulmonary rehab

• Home O2 use

what are the interventions for pneumonia?

• pneumovax

• HB vaccine

• annual flu vaccine

• daily oral care with CHG soln.

• daily assessment of readiness for extubation

• elevate HOB 30-45 degrees

• treat infection while remaining ventilated

What are the s/s of cardiac tamponade?

• becks triad

  • JVD, HPN, muffled heart sounds

  • pulsus alternans

  • pulsus paradoxus

what are the tx of cardiac tamponade?

• pericardiocentesis - tapping into the pericardial sac

• balloon pericardiotomy

• pericardial window

• sclerotherapy

what are the s/s of pneumothorax?

• decreased/absent breath sounds, increased WOB, SpO2 decreased

• BP drop, JVD

• Tracheal deviation

what are the tx for pneumothorax?

• decompression

• chest tube

What are the s/s of PE?

• tachycardia, CV collapse, pulsus paradoxus

• tachypnea, dyspnea, increased WOB

• pleuritic chest pain

• coughing, hemoptysis

• feeling of impending doom

what are the tx for PE?

• anticoagulant therapy, clot busters

• thrombectomy