Lecture 20: Vaccines and Prevention/Control

- management (KEY)

- minimizing stress

- vaccine protocols

- biosecurity

What are methods of preventing and controlling BRD?

- at beginning of life with colostrum quality, quantity and timing

When does prevention/controlling of BRD start?

- weaning and other procedure

- travel

- environmental

- social (hierarchy + new cows)

- nutritional (deficiency)

- immunological (vaccines)

What are stresses that need to be managed in cattle?

- weaning

- castration

- dehorning

- tagging

- branding

What are common stressors of a young cattles life?

- abrupt separation (more stressful)

- fenceline weaning (research says same stress as abrupt)

- nose ring weaning (2 stages;

What are methods of weaning?

- 1 month before weaning

- 3-4 weeks later give a second vaccine = anamnestic immune response (2x immune memory)

When should the first vaccine in cattle be given to try and decrease stress?

- based on farm and animals since there are so many vaccines

What is vaccinating cattle like?

- BVDV

- BHV-1

- bovine respiratory syncytial virus

- clostridial bacteria

All cow-calf operations should vaccinate their herd against what?

- generally safer

- large dose needed

- often more expensive

- antibody response only

What is a killed vaccine?

- careful when giving to preg animals

- smaller doses needed

- better immune response since both antibody and cellular response

What are modified live vaccines?

- usually attenuated live

- often used in calves

- works more rapidly for local response

- can be used in the face of an outbreak

What are mucosal (IN or oral) vaccines?

- colostrum = first "vaccination"

- no parenteral vaccine for less than 2 months

- maternal antibodies wane at 3-4 months of age

What is the vaccination protocols like for calves?

- they may need to start over

- consider vaccines like mannheimia haemolytica, histophilus somni, pasteurella multocida, pink eye, lepto, ect

What are vaccines like with cattle in stocekr/backgrounding operations?

- maintain closed herds = raise replacements

- change needles

- clean equipment

How do maintain biosecurity and management of herds?

- test bulls before purchase

- buy from a known or trusted source

- quarantine new animals for at least 14 days (better longer)

How do maintain biosecurity and management of a herd when you purchase new animals

- BVD

- BLV

- anaplasmosis

- johne's disease

What diseases should you screen herds for?