NEW BCP II - MII

Collaboration

Disciplines working together to improve client outcomes

Two features of collaboration

Shared decisions and shared accountability

Standard definition of collaboration?

No universally accepted operational definition

Collaboration in special education

Consultation, co-teaching, and problem solving

Compassion

Empathy accompanied by action to alleviate suffering

Empathy

Understanding another person's emotions and perspective

Sympathy

Feeling sorry for another person

Perspective taking

Considering another person's point of view

Behavioral theory linked to perspective taking

Relational Frame Theory (RFT)

Therapy approach linked to perspective taking

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Active listening: visual behavior

Appropriate eye contact

Active listening: verbal behavior

Positive verbal cues and paraphrasing

Active listening: nonverbal behavior

Supportive gestures and body language

Active listening: encourage what?

Freedom of expression

First step when receiving feedback

Come prepared

Receiving feedback: listening skill

Listen actively

Receiving feedback: attitude

Express willingness

Receiving feedback: courteous response

Say thank you

Receiving feedback: when at fault

Apologize when needed

Receiving feedback: interpersonal manner

Be friendly

Giving feedback: first step

Begin with a positive or empathetic statement

Giving feedback: acknowledge what?

What was performed correctly

Giving feedback: identify errors

Specify what was performed incorrectly

Giving feedback: corrective step

Specify how to correct the behavior

Giving feedback: invite participation

Solicit questions

Giving feedback: next steps

Inform staff about follow-up

Giving feedback: closing step

End with a positive or empathetic statement

Ehrlich et al. (2020)

Receiving feedback

Reid et al. (2021)

Giving feedback

Barrier: excessive technical terminology

Jargon

McMahon et al. (2021)

Social acceptability of technical and nontechnical terms

Technical term for teaching response sequences

Chaining

Nontechnical term for chaining

Teaching a sequence of responses

Nontechnical term for negative punishment

Penalty

Nontechnical term for reinforcement

Rewarding

Technical term for relieving consequences

Negative reinforcement

Nontechnical term for escape extinction

Follow-through training

Technical term for flexible learning

Shaping

Teachers' rating of reinforcement

86.1 / 100

Teachers' rating of shaping

72.9 / 100

Teachers' rating of negative punishment

32.7 / 100

Teachers' rating of chaining

40.8 / 100

Poor collaboration: treatment effect

Reduced adherence to recommendations and programming

Poor collaboration: staffing effect

Requests to reassign team members

Poor collaboration: service effect

Withdrawal from ABA treatment

Poor collaboration: reputational effect

Harm to organization, BCBA, and field reputation

Organizational barrier: too many clients

Large caseloads

Organizational barrier: occupational exhaustion

Burnout

Organizational barrier: inadequate preparation

Lack of training

Organizational barrier: financial constraints

Funding sources

Personal barrier: unrecognized limitations

Lack of self-awareness

OBM

Organizational Behavior Management

Performance management (PM)

Behavioral principles applied to employee performance

Primary target of performance management

Employee performance

Primary goal of performance management

Achieve organizational outcomes

Is performance management all of OBM?

No, it is one application area

Organizational level not directly targeted by PM

Process level

OBM-specific ethical code?

No dedicated code identified in the slides

Recommended ethical guidelines for OBM

BACB ethical guidelines

BACB ethics and OBM

Apply to BACB certificants practicing OBM

OBM

Organizational Behavior Management

OBM is a subdiscipline of?

Applied Behavior Analysis

Philosophical foundation of OBM

Radical behaviorism

OBM targets which variables?

Environmental variables

Three OBM domains

Performance management, BBS, and BSA

BBS

Behavior-Based Safety

BBS primary target

Safe work behavior

BBS typical level of analysis

Individual level

BBS primary goals

Reduce injuries and increase safe behavior

BBS core procedures

Observation, feedback, positive reinforcement

BBS analyzes and modifies what?

Work environment

BSA

Behavioral Systems Analysis

BSA primary target

Organizational processes

BSA aims to improve

Process efficiency and organizational outcomes

BSA workflow changes

Rearrange task order and assignments

BSA examines

Interdependent tasks and collaboration

BSA ultimate output

Products or services valuable to the organization

OBM step 1

Determine key results

OBM step 2

Find the pinpoints

OBM step 3

Develop a measurement system

OBM step 4

Diagnose the problem

OBM step 5

Develop and implement a solution

OBM step 6

Evaluate the effects

After finding pinpoints, what next?

Develop a measurement system

After diagnosing the problem, what next?

Develop and implement a solution

Final step of OBM

Evaluate the effects

OBM primary conceptual framework

Operant conditioning

Most common OBM intervention principle

Reinforcement

Reinforcement in OBM seeks to

Increase desired behavior

Examples of workplace reinforcers

Praise, incentives, money, awards

Punishment in OBM literature

Relatively uncommon

Punishment in workplace practice

Very common

OBM generally favors

Reinforcement-based interventions

Workplace examples of punishers

Increased response effort; progressive discipline

Extinction

Behavior decreases when maintaining reinforcement is withheld

Workplace extinction risk

Rare opportunities to reinforce trained behavior

Hazardous-material training example

Praise during training may be absent on the job

Respondent conditioning

Learning through stimulus-stimulus pairing

Feedback paired with punishment may elicit

Negative emotional responding

Persistent negative workplace emotions may cause

Stress, burnout, or turnover