[GEOG 131] Comprehensive Basic Concepts in Philippine Geography

Geography

Study of Earth’s physical features, human societies, and their interactions.

Physical Geography

Branch of Geography that deals with landforms, climate, and ecosystems

Human Geography

Branch of Geography that deals with population, culture, economy, and politics

Regional Geography

Branch of Geography that deals with specific areas

7641

How many islands does the Philippines have?

Cordillera, Sierra Madre, and Mount Apo

Name 3 Mountains in the Philippines

Central Luzon and Cotabato

Name 2 Plains in the Philippines

Cagayan Valley

Name 1 Valley in the Philippines

Bukidnon

Name 1 Plateau in the Philippines

Pasig River, Cagayan River, Agusan River

Name 3 Rivers in the Philippines

Laguna de Bay and Lake Lanao

Name 2 Lakes in the Philippines

Philippine Sea, Sulu Sea, and Celebes Sea

Name 3 Seas in the Philippines

115 million

According to the 2026 survey, what is the population of the Philippines?

Metro Manila, Cebu, and Davao

Name the 3 major urban centers of the Philippines

170

How many languages does the Philippines have?

Indigenous, Spanish, American, and Asian

These are the main influences of the Filipino

17; 82

No. of Regions: _____; No. of Provinces: _____

rice, corn, coconut, and sugarcane

These are the main components of the Philippines’ agriculture.

Metro Manila, CALABARZON, and Cebu

These are the industrial hubs of the Philippines.

Chocolate Hills, Banaue Rice Terraces, and Palawan

Name three (3) natural wonders of the Philippines.

gold, copper, and nickel

These are the precious metals that are common in Philippine mines.

typhoons, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions

Name three (3) natural hazards that plague the Philippines.

deforestation, pollution, and climate change

Name three (3) environmental issues that the Philippines face.

Tubbataha Reefs and Mt. Pulag

These are protected areas as part of the Philippines effort to conserve nature.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

As part of the regional cooperation, the Philippines is part of the ASEAN. What is the meaning of ASEAN?

Gateway between Asia and the Pacific

Because of its strategic location, the Philippines is often referred to as the _____.

vertical; horizontal

Longitude: _____; Latitude: _____

Prime Meridian; Equator

0 degree Longitude: _____; 0 degree Latitude: _____

State Morphology

The study of how the shape of a country affects its well being.

Compact

State Morphology: All borders are almost the same distance from the center

Fragmented

State Morphology: Broken up into smaller places located in a particular area

Elongated

State Morphology: Stretched, long, and narrow

Perforated

State Morphology: A larger state that completely surrounds another separate state

Protruded or Prorupted

State Morphology: A state that has an extension that juts out from the main territory

Island

Body of land that is completely surrounded with water.

Peninsula

Almost entirely surrounded by water except for its connection to the mainland. A "protrusion" or “extension” of the mainland.

Cape

High/elevated landmass that extends towards a sea/river/lake. Similar to peninsula but smaller/narrower.

Reef

Ridges of rocks/sands with tiny animals near the ocean. Can be natural or manmade

Bay

Recessed coastal body of water connecting to a larger body (often a sea)

Gulf

Penetrates deeper into the mainland compared to a bay which is more open towards the larger body of water

Hills

Elevated landmass but not as tall/steep as mountains

Mountain

Landform that must be over 300m high for it to be considered in this category.

Mountain Ranges

Mountains connected to each other

Plateaus

Flat stretch of land that lies on an underlying area

Volcanoes

An opening in the Earth's crust that allows hot magma, ash, and gases to escape from deep underground

Caves

A natural underground void or chamber in the earth large enough for a human to enter

Class 1

Classification of Caves: House delicate geological formations and animals, protected

Class 2

Classification of Caves: Open to tourists and inexperienced cavers

Class 3

Classification of Caves: Accessible to general public

Plains

Broad, flat, or gently rolling areas of land

Valley

Flat stretch of land surrounded totally

Sea

A large body of salt water that is smaller than an ocean and usually partly enclosed by land

West Philippine Sea, Philippine Sea, and Celebes Sea

Name 3 outer seas in the Philippines

Sulu Sea, Camotes Sea, and Samar Sea

Name 3 inner seas in the Philippines

Trench

A long, narrow excavation or depression in the ground that is deeper than it is wide

River

A natural, flowing stream of fresh water that moves downhill within defined banks from higher elevations to a common outlet like an ocean, sea, or lake

Waterfalls

A place where a stream or river flows over a steep drop or a vertical cliff

Lakes

A large inland body of standing or slowly moving water that occupies a basin on land

pulo; tangway

Island: _____; Peninsula: _____

Bahura; Luok

Reef: _____; Bay:_____

Bundok; Burol; Bulubundukin

Mountain: _____; Hill:_____; Mountain Range: _____

Talampas; Bulkan

Plateau: _____; Volcano:_____

Kuweba; Kapatagan

Caves: _____; Plains:_____

Lambak; Dagat

Valleys: _____; Sea:_____

Kanal; Ilog

Trench: _____; River:_____

Talon; Lawa

Waterfall: _____; Lake:_____