Topic 2.2: Lighting Design Principles

Lighting

Foundation of architectural buildings

Design

Science and art of making things useful to humankind

Lighting Design

Application of lighting̲--including daylight when it is specifically used as a source of lighting–to human spaces

Illumination

The distribution of light on a horizontal surface

Lumen

Measure of visible light energy

Most common measure of light output

Watts

Measure of energy consumption

Footcandle

A measurement of the intensity of illumination

Illumination produced by one lumen distributed over a 1-square-foot area

Illumination

Lumen

Watts

Footcandle

4 Light Quantity

Illuminance

Light intensity measured on a plane at a specific location

Measured in footcandles

Luminance or Brightness

This measures light "leaving" a surface in a particular direction, and considers the illuminance on the surface and the reflectance of the surface

Light Output

Light Level

Brightness

3 Quantity of Illumination

Glare

The excessive brightness from a direct light source that makes it difficult to see what one wishes to see

Color Temperature

The color of the light source

Measured in Kelvin (K)

Cool light

Preferred for visual tasks because it produces higher contrast than warm light

Warm light

Preferred for living spaces because it is more flattering to skin tones and clothing

Color Rendition

Color quality, or how colors appear when illuminated by a light source

Glare

Color Temperature

Color Rendition

3 Light Quality

Ambient Lighting

Provides general illumination indoors for daily activities, and outdoors for safety and security.

Task Lighting

Facilitates particular tasks that require more light than is needed for general illumination, such as under-counter kitchen lights, table lamps, or bathroom mirror lights

Accent Lighting

Draws attention to special features or enhances the aesthetic qualities of an indoor or outdoor environment.

Ambient Lighting

Task Lighting

Accent Lighting

3 Light Uses

Efficacy

The ratio of light produced to energy consumed

Measured as the number of lumens produced divided by the rate of electricity consumption (lumens per watt)

Fixture efficiency

Lamp lumen output

Room size and shape

Availability of natural light

Determining Target Light Levels (4) (FRAL)

Focus your effort on rooms used most

Replace existing fixtures

Layer lighting for maximum impact

Consider the room's function and form

Use concealed light sources

Use LED bulbs

Limit the number of different light sources

Consider controls

8 Lighting Design Principles (FRUULLC)

Light Distribution and Brightness

Conservation of Energy

Appearance of the Space and Luminaires

Glare

Appearance of Color

Lighting Control and Flexibility

Lighting of Faces

Cost of Implementation

Installation

Maintenance

10 Lighting Design Considerations (CLAIM GLALC)

More efficient

Longer lasting

Cooler

Dimmable

4 Benefits of LEDs (MLCD)

Luminaires

Different light fixtures and include recessed fixtures, direct and indirect pendants, under-cabinet lighting, wall wash lights, sconces, and task lighting, among others

Direct glare

View of a light source, typically in high contrast to its surrounding

Direct glare

Reflective glare

2 Types of Glare

Equipment

Installation

Design

Maintenance

Energy

Environment

6 Cost of Implementation (DEMIEE)