Biol 319 Lab Human Muscles Action, Origin, Insertion, and Innervation

Action: Extends and abducts head, rotates and adducts scapula, fixes scapula

Origin: Occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7–T12

Insertion: Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula

Innervation: Accessory (XI) nerve

Trapezius

Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm; depresses shoulder

Origin: T7–L5, sacrum, iliac crest, ribs 10–12

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve

Latissimus dorsi

Action: Abducts, flexes, and extends arm; medially and laterally rotates arm

Origin: Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Innervation: Axillary nerve

Deltoid

Action: Adducts scapula

Origin: Spines of T1–4

Insertion: Inferior, medial border of scapula

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboideus major

Action: Adducts scapula

Origin: Nuchal ligament, spines of C6–7

Insertion: Medial border of scapula at scapular spine

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboideus minor

Action: Elevates scapula, abducts and rotates neck

Origin: C1–4

Insertion: Superior angle of scapula

Innervation: Spinal nerves C3–5, dorsal scapular nerve

Levator scapulae

Action: Abducts arm (stabilizes shoulder joint)

Origin: Supraspinous fossa

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

Supraspinatus

Action: Extends and laterally rotates arm (stabilizes shoulder joint)

Origin: Infraspinous fossa

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus

Action: Extends and medially rotates arm (stabilizes shoulder joint)

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Subscapular nerve

Subscapularis

Action: Extends, laterally rotates, and adducts arm (stabilizes shoulder joint)

Origin: Lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Axillary nerve

Teres minor

Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

Origin: Lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Subscapular nerve

Teres major

Action: Extends and adducts arm, extends forearms

Origin: Infraglenoid tuberosity of scapula, lateral and posterior surface of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

Innervation: Radial nerve

Triceps brachii

Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm

Origin: Clavicle, sternum, cartilages of ribs 1–7

Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Anterior thoracic nerves

Pectoralis major

Action: Depresses glenoid cavity, raises ribs 3–5

Origin: Ribs 3–5

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Innervation: Anterior thoracic nerves

Pectoralis minor

Action: Flexes arm, flexes forearm, supinates hand

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Biceps brachii

Action: Flexes and adducts arm

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Midmedial shaft of humerus

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Coracobrachialis

Action: Flexes forearm

Origin: Anterior, distal surface of humerus

Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna

Innervation: Musculocutaneous and radial nerves

Brachialis

Action: Flexes forearm

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Styloid process of radius

Innervation: Radial nerve

Brachioradialis

Action: Supinates hand

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, anterior ulna

Insertion: Proximal radius

Innervation: Radial nerve

Supinator

Action: Pronates hand, flexes forearm

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: Lateral, middle shaft of radius

Innervation: Median nerve

Pronator teres

Action: Pronates hand

Origin: Distal part of anterior ulna

Insertion: Distal radius

Innervation: Median nerve (anterior interosseus branch)

Pronator quadratus

Action: Flexes hand

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Palmar fascia

Innervation: Median nerve

Palmaris longus

Action: Flexes and abducts hand

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Metacarpals 2 and 3

Innervation: Median nerve

Flexor carpi radialis

Action: Flexes and adducts hand

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and ulna

Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, metacarpal 5

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Action: Flexes proximal and middle phalanges 2–5, flexes hand

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, proximal radius

Insertion: Middle phalanges of digits 2–5

Innervation: Median nerve

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Action: Flexes phalanges, flexes hand

Origin: Ulna, interosseus membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanges of digits 2–5

Innervation: Median and ulnar nerves

Flexor digitorum profundus

Action: Flexes thumb and hand

Origin: Anterior portion of radius and interosseus membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of pollex (thumb)

Innervation: Median nerve

Flexor pollicis longus

Action: Flexes thumb

Origin: Trapezium

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of digit 1

Innervation: Median and ulnar nerves

Flexor pollicis brevis

Action: Abducts thumb

Origin: Scaphoid, trapezium

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of digit 1

Innervation: Median nerve

Abductor pollicis brevis

Action: Opposes thumb

Origin: Trapezium

Insertion: Metacarpal 1

Innervation: Median nerve

Opponens pollicis

Action: Abducts digit 5

Origin: Pisiform

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of digit 5

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

Abductor digiti minimi

Action: Flexes digit 5

Origin: Hamulus of hamate

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of digit 5

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Action: Opposes digit 5

Origin: Hamulus of hamate

Insertion: Metacarpal 5

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

Opponens digiti minimi

Action: Extends and abducts hand

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Metacarpal 2

Innervation: Radial nerve

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Action: Extends and abducts hand

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Metacarpal 3

Innervation: Radial nerve

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Action: Extends and adducts hand

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal ulna

Insertion: Metacarpal 5

Innervation: Radial nerve

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Action: Extends phalanges 2–5, extends hand

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2–5

Innervation: Radial nerve

Extensor digitorum

Action: Abducts and extends thumb, abducts hand

Origin: Posterior radius and ulna, interosseus membrane

Insertion: Metacarpal 1

Innervation: Radial nerve

Abductor pollicis longus

Action: Extends thumb

Origin: Posterior radius and ulna, interosseus membrane

Insertion: Proximal and distal phalanges of pollex (thumb)

Innervation: Radial nerve

Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

Action: Flexes thigh and lumbar vertebrae

Origin: T12, L1–5, iliac fossa

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Innervation: Femoral nerve, spinal nerves L1–3

Iliopsoas

Action: Flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Sartorius

Action: Adducts thigh, flexes leg

Origin: Pubis, near symphysis

Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Gracilis

Action: Adducts thigh

Origin: Pubic crest

Insertion: Pectineal line of femur

Innervation: Femoral and obturator nerves

Pectineus

Action: Adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh

Origin: Pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera at proximal portion of femur

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Adductor brevis

Action: Adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh

Origin: Pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera at middle portion of femur

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Adductor longus

Action: Adducts, extends, and laterally rotates thigh

Origin: Pubis, ischium

Insertion: Linea aspera, adductor tubercle of distal femur

Innervation: Obturator and tibial nerves

Adductor magnus

Action: Flexes thigh, extends leg

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Rectus femoris

Action: Extends leg

Origin: Greater trochanter of femur, linea aspera of femur

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Vastus lateralis

Action: Extends leg

Origin: Proximal, anterior femur

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Vastus intermedius

Action: Extends leg

Origin: Linea aspera of femur, on medial side

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Vastus medialis

Action: Flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: Iliotibial band of fasciae latae to lateral condyle of tibia

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Tensor fasciae latae

Action: Extends, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; braces knee

Origin: Outer iliac blade, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx

Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial band of fasciae latae

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

Gluteus maximus

Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh

Origin: Outer iliac blade

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus medius

Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh

Origin: Outer iliac blade

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus minimus

Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg

Origin: Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera of femur

Insertion: Head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

Innervation: Tibial and fibular nerves

Biceps femoris

Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Semitendinosus

Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia, collateral ligament

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Semimembranosus

Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Origin: Tibia, interosseus membrane

Insertion: Metatarsal 1 and cuneiform 1

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Tibialis anterior

Action: Extends toes 2–5, dorsiflexes and everts foot

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia, shaft of fibula

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2–5

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Extensor digitorum longus

Action: Extends hallux, dorsiflexes foot, inverts foot

Origin: Anterior shaft of fibula, interosseus membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Extensor hallucis longus

Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot

Origin: Head and shaft of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

Insertion: Metatarsal 1, cuneiform 1

Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve

Fibularis longus

Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot

Origin: Shaft of fibula

Insertion: Metatarsal 5

Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve

Fibularis brevis

Action: Dorsiflexes and everts foot

Origin: Fibula, interosseus membrane

Insertion: Dorsum of metatarsal 5

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Fibularis tertius

Action: Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot

Origin: Condyles of femur

Insertion: Calcaneus by the calcaneal tendon

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Gastrocnemius

Action: Plantar flexes foot

Origin: Posterior, proximal tibia; fibula

Insertion: Calcaneus by the calcaneal tendon

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Soleus

Action: Flexes leg

Origin: Lateral condyle of femur

Insertion: Proximal tibia

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Popliteus

Action: Plantar flexes and inverts foot

Origin: Interosseus membrane, tibia, fibula

Insertion: Metatarsals 2–5, navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Tibialis posterior

Action: Flexes toes 2–5, plantar flexes and inverts foot

Origin: Posterior tibia

Insertion: Distal phalanges of digits 2–5

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Flexor digitorum longus

Action: Flexes hallux, plantar flexes and inverts foot

Origin: Midshaft of fibula

Insertion: Distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Flexor hallucis longus