Lab 1: Introduction to the Language of Anatomy

superior/inferior

toward the head/toward the feet

anterior/posterior

toward the front/toward the back

ventral/dorsal

belly side/back side (same as anterior/posterior in humans)

lateral/medial

away from the midline/toward the midline

distal/proximal

farther from/closer to the point of attachment of a limb

deep/superficial

away from/toward the body surfaces

sagittal plane

divides the body into left and right sections

transverse/horizontal plane

divides the body into superior and inferior sections

frontal/coronal plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

cranial cavity

dorsal division; contains the brain

spinal/vertebral cavity

dorsal division; contains the spinal cord

pleural cavity (L/R)

ventral division; part of thoracic cavity; contains the lungs

mediastinum

ventral division; part of thoracic cavity; contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus

pericardial cavity

ventral division; part of thoracic cavity; contains heart (located within the mediastinum)

abdominal cavity

ventral division; part of abdominopelvic cavity; contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, most of large intestine, kidneys

pelvic cavity

ventral division; part of abdominopelvic cavity; contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

right hypochondriac region

liver and gallbladder

epigastric region

stomach and liver

left hypochondriac region

stomach and spleen

right lumbar region

ascending colon

umbilical region

small intestine and transverse colon

left lumbar region

descending colon

right iliac or inguinal region

cecum and appendix

hypogastric region

urinary bladder and sigmoid colon

left iliac or inguinal region

sigmoid colon

cephalic

head

cranial

skull (surrounding the brain)

frontal

forehead

nasal

nose

otic

ear

ocular

eye

buccal

cheek

oral

mouth

mental

chin

facial

face

cervical

neck

dorsal

back (posterior)

thoracic

chest

acromial

point of the shoulder

mammary

breast

axillary

armpit

abdominal

abdomen

umbilical

navel

pelvic

pelvis

coxal

hip

inguinal

groin

pubic

genital area

lumbar

lower back (posterior)

sacral

between the hips (posterior)

brachial

arm (shoulder to elbow)

antecubital

anterior elbow

olecranal

posterior elbow

antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

manual

hand

palmar

palm

digital/phalangeal

fingers or toes

pollical (pollex)

thumb

gluteal

buttock

femoral

thigh

patellar

anterior knee

popliteal

posterior knee

crural

anterior leg (shin)

sural

posterior leg (calf)

tarsal

ankle

pedal

foot

calcaneal

heel

plantar

sole of foot

hallucal (hallux)

great toe