Medical Terminology Chapter 4 Textbook

The Muscular System

what percentage of body heat does muscle movement generate

85

the muscular and skeletal systems are sometimes jointly referred to as the

musculoskeletal system

how many muscles in the human body

more than 600

between what percentages do muscles make up of the body's weight

40-45

long, slender cells that make up muscles

muscle fibers

band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles

fascia

plural of fascia

fasciae, fascias

term meaning pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

myofascial

narrow bands of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bones

tendons

bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone

ligaments

attaches muscles to the bottom of the patella

patellar tendon

attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to the heel bone

achilles tendon

sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone

aponeurosis

plural of aponeurosis

aponeuroses

three types of muscle tissue

skeletal, smooth, myocardial

skeletal muscles are also known as _____ muscles because we have conscious control over them

voluntary

skeletal muscles are also known as _____ muscles because, under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers created a striped appearance

striated

medical term meaning striped

striated

smooth muscles are also known as _____ muscles because they are under the control of the autonomic nervous system

involuntary

smooth muscles are also known as _____ muscles because they do not have a striped appearance under a microscope

unstriated

smooth muscles are also known as _____ muscles because they are found in hollow structures such as those of the digestive and urinary systems

visceral

medical term meaning relating to the internal organs

visceral

smooth muscles are found in large internal organs with the exception of what organ

heart

the constant contraction and relaxation of _____ muscle causes the heart to beat

myocardial

the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

muscle innervation

motor nerves control the body’s _____ muscular contractions

voluntary

medical term meaning pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle

neuromuscular

all muscles are arranged in _____ pairs

antagonistic

medical term that refers to working in opposition to each other

antagonistic

the tightening of a muscle

contraction

when a muscle contracts, the _____ of the muscle enlarges

belly

when a muscle returns to its original form

relaxation

the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

abduction

medical term meaning to lead

duct

a muscle that moves a body part away from the midline

abductor

the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

adduction

a muscle that moves a body part toward the midline of the body

adductor

term that means decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at the joint

flexion

what bends a limb at a joint

flexor muscle

term that means increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

extension

what straightens a limb at a joint

extensor muscle

the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

hyperextension

the act of raising or lifting a body part

elevation

the _____ muscles of the face raises the corners of a mouth into a smile

levator anguli oris

a ____ is a muscle that raises a body part

levator

the at of lowering a body part

depression

the ______ lowers the corner of the mouth into a frown

depressor anguli oris

a _____ muscle lowers a body part

depressor

a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint

rotation

the circular movement at the far end of a limb

circumduction

an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body

axis

turns a body part on its axis

rotator muscle

the group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint

rotator cuff

the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm or the sole is turned forward or upward

supination

the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm or sole is turned downward or backward

pronation

the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle, decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg

dorsiflexion

the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle, increasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg

plantar flexion

medical term meaning pertaining to the sole of the foot

plantar

medical term that describes some muscles located near the surface, just under the skin

superficial

the point where a muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton; the less movable attachment

origin

the point where a muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon; the more movable attachment, the farthest point from the midline of the body

insertion

what muscle helps bend the neck and rotate the head

sternocleidomastoid muscle

the muscles that make flexion of the wrist possible

flexor carpi muscles

the muscles that make estension of the wrist possible

extensor carpi muscles

a thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall

pectoralis major

medical term meaning relating to the chest

pectoral

a large muscle toward the outer side of the thigh, a part of the quadriceps group

vastus lateralis

medical term meaning toward the side (in the context of describing a muscle)

lateralis

latin word for “huge”

vastus

medical term meaning toward the midline (in the context of a muscle)

medialis

a muscle toward the midline of the thigh, part of the quadriceps group

vastus medialis

medical term meaning slanted or at an angle

oblique

the external oblique and internal oblique muscles have a _____ alignment

slanted

medical term meaning in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

rectus

the rectus abdominis and rectus femorus have _____ alignment

straight

a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

sphincter

what closes the anus

anal sphincter

medical term meaning in a crosswise direction

transverse

the transverse abdominis muscle has a _____ alignment

crosswise

what muscle, formed from two divisions, flexes the upper arm

biceps brachii

what muscle, formed from three divisions, extends the upper arm

triceps brachii

the largest muscle of the buttock

gluteus maximus

a muscle located on the shoulder, shaped like an inverted triangle like the greek letter delta

deltoid muscle

muscles of the hamstring group (from lateral to medial)

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus muscles

primary functions of the hamstrings

knee flexion, hip extension

what muscle, located in the forehead, raises and lowers the eyebrows

frontalis muscle

the frontalis muscle is also known as the

occipitofrontalis muscle

what muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

temporalis muscle

what muscle, which is one of the strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

masseter

what muscle makes up the bulk of the chest muscles, lying under the breast in females

pectoralis major

what muscles flex and rotate the vertebral column

external oblique muscles

what muscles flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe, and rotate the spine

internal oblique muscles

what muscle helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine

rectus abdominis

what muscle is engaged when a person laughs or coughs

transverse abdominis

what muscle forms the muscular cap of the shoulder

deltoid muscle

what muscle moves the head and shoulder blade

trapezius muscle

what muscle extends the leg at the knee

rectus femoris

the quadriceps femoris muscle is made up of how many muscles

4

what two muscles that are included in the quadriceps femoris muscle flex and extend the leg at the knee

vastus lateralis, vastus medialis

the calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward

gastrocnemius