PHARM EXAM 1

Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH)

enlargement of prostate of males, inferior to the urinary bladder upper portion of the urethra, causing issues to urinate

Medication to treat Genitourinary diseases

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, alpha-adrenergic receptors antagonists

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

block formation of testerone/ finasteride,
inform patient that med is teratogenic, when crushed med should not be given to patient’s who are pregnant

alpha-adrenergic receptors antagonists

terasozine, prazosin

Finasteride (Proscar)

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

A: halts enzymes 5-alpha reductase> shrinking prostate

TU: BPH, male pattern baldness

Nurse Assess: pre & post administration of urinary manifest. of BPH

Erectile Dysfunction

Phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors/ sildenafil; viagra

A: an hr before coitus activity

AE: myocardial infarction, vision & hearing loss

do not mix w/ nitrates= life threatening hypotension

CE: DO NOT take more than 1 per day,report priapism: prolonged erection, longer than 4 hours

Urinary Incontinence/ Overactive bladder

cannot retain urination prolong> causes voiding

cannot retain urination prolong> causes voiding

can’t see> increase Intraocular pressure (IOP), DO NOT give for glaucoma= worsen

can’t poop> constipation

can’t pee> urinary retention

can’t speak> dry mouth, dry eyes

confusion, tachycardia

Beta-3-adrenergic agonist/Mirabegron

increase blood pressure

increase pulse rate

can give to patient w/ glaucoma & overreactive bladder

NURSE ASSESS: monitor patient who is taking mirabegron for angiodema (swelling of the lips, eyes, & tongue> hypersensitivity reaction

antibiotics/Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: phenazopyridine (pyridium)

CLASS: Urinary analgesic

relieves patient’s pain does not treat

SE: red/orange urine

PE: do not take for more than 2 days, w/ food, orange stain is expected

Urinary Retention medication

Cholinergic agonists: Bethanechol (Duovoid/Urecholine)

speeds up cholinergic receptors to contract the bladder & decrease bladder capacity

C: hypersensitivity, asthma, peptic ulcer disease> risk of increasing gastric acid secretion

how does vasopressin V2 receptors antagonist/ tolvaptan slow disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

tolvaptan blocks vasopressin’s effect on the kidney cells by reducing the signal that drives cyst growth, reducing GFR that leads to kidney failure

Meniere’s Disease

S/S causes vertigo, tinnitus (ringing in ear), decrease hearing

antihistamines/meclizine

blocks histamine H1 receptors in the CNS> reduces manifest. of nausea, dizziness, & vertigo, motion sickness

hydrochlorothiazide

diuretic that reduces fluid buildup in the inner ear, alleviating pressure

prednisone

corticosteroid reduce inflammation via neurosensory conditions; labyrinthitis or vestibular neuritis> supresses immune responses & decreases swelling

Meclizine (Antivert)

patient who are older confused, dementiated, delirium> w/o medication= serious S/E

do not give to patient who have glaucoma, or BPH

can’t speak> dry mouth, dry eyes

PE: consume more fiber & water> prevent constipation

can’t see> increase Intraocular pressure (IOP), DO NOT give for glaucoma= worsen

can’t poop> constipation

can’t pee> urinary retention

Macular Degeneration

dry macular degeneration: thinning of the macula, yellow plaque (drusen)

slow progressive condition

antioxidant: vitamin A, E, C

healthy lifestyle

wet macular degeneration

dangerous, acute leaky blood vessels growing under macula> losing vision

Anti-VEGF therapy

prevention of leaky new vessels via in macula

ranibizumab, aflibercept, & bevacizumab

maintain more than 90% of patient’s vision, regularly

if treatment is not taken regularly, 50% can be maintain of patient’s vision