Chapter 5.3: Catabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins Are Interconnected

Flashcards from Chapter 5.3 of Principles of Life, 3rd Edition.

Catabolism

The breakdown of molecules into smaller ones; molecules other than glucose can perform this to synthesize ATP, entering aerobic respiration pathways

Carbohydrates

As polysaccharides, these are catabolized into monosaccharides and converted into a processable molecule as needed if the residues are not entirely glucose

Lipids

Primarily in the form of triglycerides, these are hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids to produce a glycolysis intermediate and acetyl CoA via beta-oxidation

Beta oxidation

The conversion of fatty acids into acetyl CoA through the repeated oxidation of carbons for use in the citric acid cycle

Proteolysis

The hydrolysis of proteins to release energy stored in peptide bonds, resulting in products used in glycolysis or the citric acid cycle

Nucleic acids

In catabolic reactions, these are hydrolyzed into their monomers and further catabolized into their phosphate groups, bases, and sugar backbone for glycolysis and the citric acid cycle