HEALTH chapters 1&2

TOP 10 impediments to acdemic preformance

Procrastination

Stress

Anxiety

Depression

Sleep Problems

Finances

Family

Intimate Realtionships

Health of Someone Close

Death of a Family member

In the last 100 years life expenctancy has

doubled

in 2020 life expenancy in the usa…

dropped 1.5 years

Today the leading cause of death is

chronic disease

Unhealthy choices can lead to

• Stress, anxiety, depression, procrastination, and sleep

• Affect immune function and predisposition to infectious disease.

• Lead to long-term issues, diabetes, and chronic diseases

is life expectancy in the USA ahead or behind other nations

behind

What matters more number of years lived or quality of life

quality of life

can healthy lifestyle living after 50 add decades to ones life

yes

Healthy life expectancy

the number of years of full health without disability, chronic pain, or significant illness

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL)

multi-dimensional concept that includes:

– Physical, mental, emotional, and social functioning.

– Focuses on the impact that health status has on quality

of life.

Well-being

assesses the positive aspects of a person's life.

How much does obesity cost the united states yearly

$191 billion each year.

Medical Model

views health status on both the individual and biological or diseased organ perspective.

Public health model

health is a result of an individual's interactions with their social and physical environment.

Disease prevention

actions or behaviors to keep people from getting sick or injured

Health promotion

helps us reduce negative health behaviors and promote and maintain positive change.

• Does this with combined educational, organizational, procedural, environmental, social, and financial support.

Risk behaviors

increase susceptibility to negative health outcomes.

Wellness

process of trying to achieve one's potential.

Physical health

body size and functioning

Social health

ones interpersonal network and successful interaction with others

Intellectual health

ability to think clearly and make responsible decisions

Emotional health

ability to express emotions and maintain a level of self-confidence

Spiritual health

a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life

Environmental health

appreciation of one's external environment

What Influences Your Health?

Determinants of health are those factors that influence health.

• Healthy People is a plan to improve the health-related quality of life and years of life for all Americans.

• Individual behavior:

• Biology and genetics:

• Social factors:

• Economic factors:

• The built environment:

• Pollutants and infectious agents

• Policymaking

• Health disparities

• Mindfulness

What are the four Leading Causes of Chronic Diseases in the United States

• smoking

• drinking

• obesity

• lack of exercise

The Challenge of Health Disparities

The different quality of health care people experience is based on their racial, ethnic, gender, sexual identity, and socioeconomic background.

backgrounds.

3 diffrent Models of Behavior Change

• The health belief model

• The social cognitive model

• The transtheoretical model

The Health Belief Model (HBM)

Health behavior change is more likely if the person truly believes that they are sick or will be seriously sick, can see the benefits of change, and is encouraged to change

• Developed by psychologists at the U.S. Public Health Service in the 1950s.

Social Cognitive Model (SCM)

Three factors that interact and cause us to change our behaviors

– Social environment in which we live

– Our inner thoughts and feelings

– Our behaviors

Transtheoretical Model

Model of behavior change

• Precontemplation stage-pre starting of change

• Contemplation stage- thinking about change

• Preparation stage-preparing to make change

• Action stage-making the change

• Maintenance stage- continuing the change

• Termination stage- finalyy stopped doing the behavoir

Steps to Behavior Change

Increase your awareness

Contemplate change

Prepare for change - use SMART goals or enlist family and friends to help you stay on track

Take action to change

SMART goals

• Specific

• Measurable

• Action-oriented

• Realistic

• Time-oriented

Psychological health

Based on how we think, feel, relate, and exist in our daily lives.

– It includes mental, emotional, social, and spiritual

dimensions.

Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM)

Something that provides information about characteristics of psychological health and good psychological functioning.

basic elements of psychologically healthy people

• They feel good about themselves.

• They make and maintain lasting, healthy relationships, feel comfortable with and respect others, and have compassion for others.

• They have a strong sense of autonomy yet still need others. They are independent and self-reliant.

• They have a sense of mastery over their macro environment.

• They have a high sense of personal growth.

• They have a sense of purpose in life.

• They value diversity.

• They appreciate and respect the world around them.

• They maintain a positive outlook.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Mental health

“thinking” or “rational” dimension of our health: how your mind processes and understands information and experiences.

Emotional health

refers to the feeling, or subjective, side of psychological health.

Emotional intelligence

Ability to identify, use, understand, and manage one's emotions in a positive and constructive manner.

– It consists of self-awareness, self-management, relationship management, and social awareness.

Social bonds

reflect the level of closeness and attachment we develop with individuals.

Social support

refers to the networks of people and services with whom you interact and share social connections.

– Ties can be tangible support and intangible support.

Why do people experience Social Isolation and Loneliness

– Divorce and death

– Living longer and losing most of our close friends

– Connecting with more people on social media but having

fewer really close friends

– Drug and alcohol use

– Declining face-to-face social relationships

– More mobile workforce in which people may telecommute,

lose jobs, or change jobs and locations frequently

– Homelessness

– Other causes of social isolation

Spirituality

is defined as an individual’s sense of purpose and meaning in life; it involves a sense greater than the purely physical or personal dimensions of existence.

Factors That Influence Psychological

Health

• Family

• Support system

• Community

• Self-efficacy and self-esteem

– Learned helplessness versus learned optimism

• Emotional intelligence

• Personality

• Lifespan and maturity

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

is the study of the interactions of behavioral, neural, and endocrine functions and the functioning of the body’s immune system.

Strategies to Enhance Psychological Health

Develop a support system.

• Complete required tasks.

• Form realistic expectations.

• Make time for you.

• Maintain physical health.

• Examine problems and seek needed help.

• Get adequate sleep.

• Use PERMA.

PERMA

PERMA is an acronym representing five elements of well-being

to help humans flourish.

– Positive emotions: engage in behaviors that bring you joy;

be kind and curious

– Engagement: adopt mindfulness; invest time in activities

that absorb you

– Relationships: build new relationships and deepen existing

ones

– Meaning: consider your legacy

– Achievement: set realistic goals and pursue them; put for

effort

Chronic mood disorders

are disorders that affect how you feel, such as persistent sadness or feelings of euphoria.

Mood disorders include

• major depression;

• persistent depressive disorder (PDD);

• bipolar disorder; and

• seasonal affective disorder

Major or clinical depression

is severe depression that entails chronic mood disorder,

physical effects such as sleep disturbance and exhaustion, and mental effects such as the inability to concentrate.

what percent of the USA does major/clinical depression effect

about 7 percent

what percent of people ages 18-25 have major depression

11 percent

Persistent depressive disorder (PDD)

is a less severe

form of chronic mild depression that can cause people to

lose interest in normal daily activities, have low self-

esteem, and an overall feeling of inadequacy, feelings of

hopelessness, and difficulty with productivity that can last

for years.

Bipolar disorder

is characterized by alternating mania and depression; also called manic depression

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

is a type of depression that occurs in the winter months, when

sunlight levels are low.

What Causes Mood Disorders?

multiple factors including biological differences, hormones, inherited traits, life events, and early childhood trauma.

Anxiety disorders

are mental illnesses characterized by persistent feelings

of threat and worry in coping with everyday problems.

• number one disorder in america effects 40 million people

Generalized anxiety disorder

a debilitating level of anxiety.

Panic disorders

are characterized by panic attacks, an acute anxiety reaction that brings on an intense physical reaction.

Phobic disorders

involve persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

results in individuals who feel compelled to perform rituals over and over again.

Post-traumatic stress disorder

(PTSD) may occur in people who have

experienced or witnessed a traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, serious accident, or combat.

What Causes Anxiety Disorders?

• Biology—Some scientists trace the origin of anxiety to the brain and its functioning.

• Environment—Anxiety can be a learned response.

• Social and cultural roles—These may also be a factor in the risk of anxiety.

Personality Disorders

Characterized by inflexible patterns of thought and beliefs that lead to socially distressing behavior.

Paranoid personality disorder

involves pervasive, unfounded suspicion and mistrust of other people, irrational jealousy, and secretiveness.

Narcissistic personality disorder

is an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption.

Antisocial personality disorder

display a long-term pattern of manipulation and taking advantage of other people, often in a criminal manner.

Borderline personality disorder

is characterized by impulsiveness and risky behavior such as gambling sprees, unsafe sex, drug use, and daredevil driving.

Schizophrenia

inability to sort incoming stimuli and make appropriate responses

Stigmas

negative perception about groups of people or certain situations or conditions.

psychodynamic therapy

focuses on the psychological roots of emotional suffering.

Interpersonal therapy

Focuses on social roles and relationships.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

focuses on the impact of thoughts and ideas on feelings and behaviors.

Behavioral therapy

focuses on what we do, uses the

concepts of stimulus, response, and reinforcement to alter

behavior patterns.

Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death in ages

10 to 34

Suicide is the 4th leading cause of death in ages

35 to 54