Nutrition Test 3

Heme vs. Non-Heme Iron

Heme: Found in animal products, absorbed more efficiently

Non-Heme: Found in plants and fortified products

Which is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin C

Of the choices, which food contains the most vitamin B12

Pork

All coenzymes are vitamins

False

Antioxidants reduce damage from reactive oxygen molecules generated during normal metabolism

True

Vitamins are especially important in enabling ATP production from dietary proteins, carbohydrates and fats

True

Based on the chart, the most effective way to help a population with a high report of beriberi would be to provide foods such as:

Enriched grains, pork, and lentils

An important role of vitamin B6 is

To participate in the synthesis of nonessential amino acids

To reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defects, it is important for women to consume adequate amounts of folate:

Shortly before and early in pregnancy

All of the following are roles of vitamin C EXCEPT

Participating in reactions that produce energy

Vitamin A is needed for all of the following EXCEPT

Stimulating cell metabolism

Vitamin D is obtained…

From a relatively small number of dietary sources from synthesis in skin that is exposed to sunlight

Vitamin D is widespread and easy to obtain in the foods we eat

False

Vitamin E protects membranes by neutralizing free radicals

True

Which if the foods would be best source for vitamin E?

Sunflower seeds

The main symptom of vitamin K deficiency is…

Abnormal blood coagulation

People who use certain antibiotics over the long term are at increased risk of vitamin K deficiency

True

The DSHEA closely regulates vitamin and mineral supplements that are for sale to the public to make sure that they are safe and effective for use by healthy individuals

False

There are no concerns about toxicity from exceeding upper limits of intake for supplements that only contain water-soluble vitamins or herbs

False

A low-fat diet would have the most impact on the bioavailability of which vitamin?

Vitamin A

Osmosis is the movement of fluid into and out of cells in response to differences in solute concentrations inside and outside of the cell

True

Water helps to cool the body when

Sweat evaporates

Increasing levels of antidiuretic hormone cause the kidneys to increase urine production

False

When water losses exceed intake in the body, all of the following things happen EXCEPT

The urine becomes clear

Trace minerals are less important to the body than major minerals

False

Some minerals act as

Cofactors

Coenzymes are a specific type of cofactor

True

Eating a salty meal

Encourages drinking that leads to temporary weight gain

A notable fact about hypertension is that…

It generally does not have obvious outward symptoms

The DASH diet does all of the following except

Elevates blood pressure

A diet containing at least 5 servings of fresh fruits and vegetables per day is likely to be high in potassium

True

Women are at greater risk for osteoporosis than men is that…

Menopause accelerates the loss of bone mass

Peak bone mass occurs between the ages of 30 and 40

False

Parathyroid hormone is released when calcium levels get too high

False

Thirst is stimulated by increased blood volume and decreased solute concentration in the blood

False

Magnesium makes the structure of ATP unstable

False

Iron deficiency causes fatigue because…

Iron is needed to produce hemoglobin

Selenium reduces the body’s need for vitamin E because…

It’s incorporated into glutathione peroxidase

Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones

True

Fluoride protects teeth because…

Buffer from acids released in the mouth

Following substances are normally eliminated by the kidney as waste products EXCEPT

Ketones

When calcium intake is low, absorption depends on…

Active form of vitamin D

A high BMI is not associated with an increased health risk when

The person does not look overweight

Visceral fat is not located…

Under the skin

When people consume more energy than they expend, the majority is stored as…

Triglycerides

EER is a calculation of the number of calories needed to lose weight

False

Sensation of satiety is a short-term response to food intake

True

We feel hungry at the same time every day is believed to be because…

The secretion of ghrelin

People with large adipocytes produce proportionally more leptin

True

Some people have genes which enables them to use energy effectively and store it as fat. This makes them more susceptible to weight gain

True

When someone has a BMI above healthy range, then

Weight loss may not be recommended if they have a healthy lifestyle and no evidence of health problems

Lean body mass decreases with age and body fat increases

True

Women have more % body fat than men

True

Exercise affects health in all the ways except…

Decreases sensitivity of tissues to insulin

Energy Expenditure

• Normal body functions

• Physical activity

• Processing food

Subcutaneous Fat

• Located under skin

• Does not increase health risk

• Fat around thighs and lower body

Visceral Fat

• Located around organs in abdominal area

• DOES increase health risk