classical and operant coditioning

behaviorism theory

• behavior can be controlled and modified based on the consequences of behavior

clasical conditioning

• ivan pavlov

• involuntary responses

• one’s behavior becomes dependent on the occurence of stimulus

ivan pavlov

• russian and soviet neurologist and psychologist

stimulus

• can trigger a physical or behavioral change

classical conditioning experiment

• One’s behavior becomes dependent on occurrence of a stimulus in that environment

• The dog food is the unconditioned stimulus (US)  

  • It naturally triggers salivation without any training.

• Salivation to the food is the unconditioned response (UR) 

  • An automatic, instinctive reaction.

• The bell starts out as a neutral stimulus (it means nothing to the dog at first).

• After being paired with food multiple times, the bell becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS).

unconditioned stimulus

• trigger that causes a reflex

unconditioned response

• natural and automatic reaction to the trigger

conditioned stimulus

• old neutral sign after it is tied to the food

conditioned response

• learned reaction to the new sign alone

Burrhus Fredric Skinner

• developed operant conditioning

operant conditioning

• learning through the consequences of voluntary behavior

• rewards/punishments to change that vehavior

reinforcement

• positive reinforcement - adding something desirable

• negative reinforcement - removing something unpleasant

punishment

• positive punishment - adding something unpleasant

• negative punishment - taking away soemthing desirable