14. Why do my ears stink and have crust on em?

What type of infection ranges from the eardrum outward?

otitis externa

T/F Otitis extern includes the pinna of the ear

True

What is it called when the ear infection gets into the middle ear and causes middle ear disease?

otitis media

What is the most severe form of ear infection that leads to neurologic disease?

otitis interna

What are the THREE P's of Otitis?

-predisposing (setting up)

- primary (cause)

- perpetuating (what causes the infection to continue)

What are the FOUR predisposing factors of otitis?

- conformation

- maceration

- treatment

- obstruction

What dog breed is predisposed to ear infections due to their stenotic ear canals?

shar-pei

What is meant by maceration?

when you sit in water for too long so bathing and swimming predisposes them

Should you remove or pluck the hair from the ears?

NO, they will have a raging infection

What are some examples of some primary causes of otitis? (3)

- parasites (otodectes, ticks)

- Foreign body

- hypersensitivity

- Scale

What is the #1 primary factor (cause) of otitis?

atopy

What endocrine disorder can predispose an animal to otitis?

hypothyroidism

What is an example of a primary factor that is an autoimmune disease that causes otitis?

pemphigus

T/F Neoplasia in the ear can be a primary factor

true

What is an example of perpetuating factors?

- bacteria

- yeast

T/F Otitis is like dysbiosis of the ear canal

True

How do cats usually present with otitis?

cats LOVEEE otitis media (they rarely present like dogs)

T/F Otitis media is a progressive pathology

True

What can you identify on otoscope?

-ear drum

- lesion

- stenosis

- parasites

What is super important to help you decide what medication to use?

cytology

How would you preform a ear cytology?

- get gunk on the slide

- stain w diff quick

- look at low mag for inflammatory cells

- oil for bacteria/yeast

T/F culture is pointless for deciding to treat otitis externa

True

Why is a culture pointless for otitis externa?

when doing a culture, you are trying to get a MIC. MIC is used for systemic antibiotics, you treat otitis externa with topical

T/F Neutrophils makes the environment basic

False, acidic

Topical medications can be ______ x the concentration of systemic levels

10,000

What is the best diagnostic for looking at the middle ear component?

CT

Successful treatment involves ID and treatment of all ___. ____, and ____ ____

predisposing, primary, perpetuating factors

What are TWO wax solvents?

- mineral oil

- Ceruminolytic agents

What is one of the best detergents for cleaning the ear?

tris-edta

What properties do acidyfying cleaning products have?

- bacteriostatic

- fungistatic

What does drying cleaning products help to reduce?

maceration

When is routine maintance with cleaning products helpful?

after bathing and grooming

What are the THREE topical therapies fro otitis externa that are aminoglycosides?

- neomyocin

- gentamicin

- polymixin B

T/F Aminoglycosides break down in exudation so it is useless unless you clean the damn ear

True

What are the TWO pathogens that aminoglycoside are efective for?

G+ cocci, G- rods

What is a major side effect of aminoglycosides? What are TWO outcomes of this?

- ototoxic potential

- damage to the hair cells in cochlea

- affect CN VIII

What are the TWO contrindication to gentamicin use?

- do not use in cats

- do not use if exudate is present

T/F Polumyxin B dosing may bot be adequate for big dogs

True

What are fluorinated quinolons effective for?

G+ cocci, G-rod

T/F FQ are not ototoxic and you tend to see yeast overgrowth after using them

True

Enrofloxacin is a baytril otic and silver sulfadiazine. What is it most effective for?

G- rods

What is the go to antifungal because it is cheap and very effective against malassezia?

miconazole

Florfenicol is only good for what kind of bacteria?

cocci only (not rods)

What is a really bad side effect of florfenicol? What can you do to prevent this?

eye ulcers, wear PPE

What drug is dirt cheap, $9, has astringent, acidifying properties, and hydrocortisone?

Burrow Solution (Dr. K's fav drug)

What are the uses of Burrow's solution? (3)

Allergy, Swimming, Bathing

Selecmectin, Ivermectin, and Pyrethrin are all what kinds of class?

Antiparasitics

What are the THREE things that corticosteroids are good at?

- decrease inflammation

- decrease pruritus

- decrease sebum