serial killers: chapter nine exam 3

what did Andrea yates suffer from

postpartum depression and psychosis

what was the verdict with Andrea Yates

not guilty by reason of insanity

who looked at psychoanalysis

Freud

childhood conflict unconscious motives

freud

who looked at behaviorism

Skinner

learning through reinforcement

behaviorism and skinner

what two things do modern psychological perspectives integrate

cognitive and neurobiological science

what types of traits increases criminal risk

antisocial personality disorder

what is most linked to crime

psychoticism

what are three things that are part of Eysenck’s personality model

extraversion

neuroticism

psychoticism

what three things does ASPD include

impulsivity

irritability

disregard for others

what is not in the DSM-5

Psychopathy

what does psychopathy overlap with

ASPD

what do psychopaths tend to be more than those with ASPD

more manipulative and calculating

what are both ASPD and psychopathy linked to

persistent and violent offending

only a small number of individuals with ASPD are what

psychopathic

all psychopaths have what

ASPD

who was part of the mask of sanity

Cleckley’s

who shaped early views for understanding psychopathy as a psychiatric disorder

chloeckley mask of sanity

what does psychopathy overlap with

ASPD

what are three characteristics of psychopaths

emotionally detached

lack empathy

lack remorse

what do psychopaths know

right from wrong, but they do not care

what was Robert Hare’s PCL-R a gold standard for

psychopathy assesment

how many questions were on the PCL-R test and what was the score range

20 items and score was 0-40

what was the first factor of Hare’s PCL-R

interpersonal/ affective traits

what is the second factor of Hare’s PCL-R

behavioral traits/ social deviance

The PCL-R identifies core psychopathic traits for what

legal and clinical use

why do some serial killers score so low on Hare’s PCL-R test

they have high self control

many psychopaths maintain what

seemingly ordinary loves

what do many psychopaths mask

psychopathic traits

there are varied motivations that are what

unrelated to psychopathy

what does the PCL-R not assess

comorbid personality disorders such as narcissistic or schizoid

what is psychopathy a strong predictor of

violent and instrumental crime

psychopaths often show higher rates of what

reoffending

what type of violence are psychopaths more likely to engage in

predatory violence

what contributes to cold, calculated behavior

lack of empathy and remorse

what percent of the general population does psychopathy affect

1%

what percent of men have psychopathy

1.2%

what percent of women are considered to have psychopathic traits

.3-.7%

what is the male to female psychopath ratio

4:1 to 5:1

among male prisoners, psychopathy is found in what percent

15-25%

among female prisoners, recent estimates of what percent is psychopathy

9-11%

gender differences in behavioral expression may have led to what

underdiagnosis in women

in canada where is the application of PCL-R widely used

parole boards and forensic settings

what are high PCL-R scores linked to

denial of parole and higher reoffending rates

what are there concerns about regarding application of PCL-R

misuse;

racial bias

overreliance on scores

courts use the PCL-R and recognize it as evidence, but debates remain over what

how to interpret it

remorselessness/ psychopathy was previously thought to be what

untreatable

early treatments of psychopaths inadvertently improved what

manipulation

what was helped to improve psychopathic youth

targeted therapies

what is there in ASPD individuals

11% less prefrontal gray matter

what does PFC control

impulses and decisions

what does gray matter process

information and actions

what is reduced in ASPD

decision making brain tissue

what drives impulsivity and fearlessness

a deficit

according to Kiehl et al, what is linked to weak emotional processing

low amygdala and hippocampus activity

what is psychopathy rooted in

paralimbic system deficits

what blunts fear and empathy

hypoactive amygdala

hypoactive hippocampus prevents what

learning from punishment

more recent approaches target what

harmful behavior over curing traits

we now try to manage actions instead of what

fixing identity

in the paralimbic dysfunction model there was a shift between single brain region to what

impaired neural network

The circuit connecting emotional centers to logical thinking areas

paralimbic system

in network abnormalities what two things are reduced

brain structure and connectivity

what do deficits block

empathy and punishment learning W

what do deficits impair

reasoning and increase impulsivity

what is logic detached from

feeling

according to Yang et al, what is found in frontal and temporal regions and the amygdala

thinner gray matter

what is psychopathy associated with

reduced gray matter and cortical thinning

within psychopathy where does reduced gray matter and cortical thinning happen

brain’s frontal and temporal regions, including the amygdala

what is linked to youth psychopathy

brain maturation delay

in the neurobiological basis of psychopathy what is stunted

amygdala and vmPFC growth

what is a stunted amygdala and vmPFC growth linked to

lower response to others pain

when people do not qualify as psychopaths what do you normally score low on

emotional affective traits

instead of just criminal acts what does the PCL-R highlight

personality style

what is an example of something lowering a score

when they commit a brutal murder but still express remorse or emotional distress

it is important to distinguish between what two things

violent behavior and psychopathic personality

all behavior is learned through environmental interactions and conditioning

behaviorism

who thought that fear was learned by association

pavlov

who thought that behavior shaped by rewards or punishments

skinner

what is the low arousal theory

psychopaths have low arousal and need stimulation

what is linked to psychopathy and conduct problems

low skin conductance

behavior learned through modeling and imitation

bandura

aggression can be learned from observing others, including media portrayals

social learning theory

what is a physiological marker

low skin conductance

what was Bandura’s experiment

the bobo doll experiment

what did Bandura’s study show

children copy behaviors observed in adults

unpunished aggression by adults caused what

children to mimic the violence

calm or punished adults led to what

less child aggression

differential reinforcement determines what

whether behavior continues

what are the two actions of social learning theory

reinforcement

extinction

rewarding a desired or alternative behavior so that it happens more often in the future

reinforcement

ignoring or not rewarding an undesired behavior so that it eventually stops

extinction

what does social learning theory explain

intergenerational transmission of violence

childhood violence exposure increases what

adult abuse risk

what happens in social learning

children internalize caregivers abusive actions as normal scripts for resolving conflict

what can impair impulse control

chronic early trauma

survivors may misinterpret neutral interactions as what

threats

what kind of family did Richard Kuklinski grow up in

abusive family

what was wrong with Richard’s father

had a drinking problem and beat his children and wife