Flashcards BIOL1000 Intro

Science

A way of knowing/an approach to understanding the natural world

qualitative data

descriptive data

Quantitive data

numerical data

Scientific method

Observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

A hypothesis can be proven what?

proven false, but not true

Scientific theory

A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results.

Independent variables

variables manipulated by scientist

dependent variables

variables affected by independent variables

Controlled experiments

experimental group vs control group

clinical trial

tests done on humans

observational study

observe without changing anything

experimental study

researcher manipulates factors

peer reviewed publication

Original research reviewed by many unbiased experts

Technology

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes

Biology

scientific study of life

Life

No one definition, based on properties of living things. Varies greatly.

Properties of life

order, regulation, growth and development, energy processing, response to the environment, reproduction, evolution

Nomenclature

naming of forms of life. genus then species

Taxonomy Classification

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Name the 3 main domains

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Bacteria

Microscopic, typically single cell, simple organization, cause infections, 3 basic shapes (coccus, bacilus, spiral)

Archaea

Single cell, simple organization, live in extreme environments

Eukarya

Complex cells with 4 major kingdoms (protists, plantae, fungi, animalia)

Protist

Single cell eukarya

Plantae

produce food with photosynthesis

Fungi

decompose waste and absorb nutrients

Animalia

Eat other organisms

Hierarchy of organization

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule

Evolution

Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

Natural selection

Increases frequency of good traits for survival

Artificial selection

Humans modify organisms for their benefit

Flow of Information

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

DNA

Instructions for cells to function. Two long chains of molecules (strands) twisted in a double helix. 4 nucleotides.

Nuecleotide

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Gene expression

The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

Proteins

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues

Genetic code

language of nucleotides and genes to translate information from DNA

Cell signaling

Stimulus received by receptors on cell cell changes the behaviour

Structure

shape

function

what something does

What does energy gain and lose?

Gains sunlight, loses heat

Energy is released by...

cellular respiration

Systems biology

Modelling behaviours by analyzing interactions among other parts

Themes in Biology

Evolution, flow of information, structure is linked to function, interactions within and between systems, transfer and transformation of matter

2 ideas of Charles Darwin

Unity of life - descent from a common ancestor

Diversity of life - diverge from ancestors