General Psychology Unit 1 Review

Which Gesalt Principle?

Closure

Which Gesalt Principle?

Similarity

Which Gesalt Principle?

Proximity

Which Gesalt Principle?

Common fate

Which Gesalt Principle?

Good continuation

While out on a walk, a breeze passes over your skin, and you recognize that it is about to rain. The breeze is …. and the understanding that it is going to rain is …

Sensation; Perception

When the professor turns off the projector, Omar realized he has stopped noticing the hum it had been making during class. Omar likely experienced what?

Sensory adaption.

You and your friend are waiting in line at the restaurant. You are standing close to the party of 4 in front of you. The waitress asks, “party of 6?” Which Gesalt principle is she using to make this assumption?

Proximity

Assuming the tree is blocking the view of other trees is in the front of the other trees is an example of what?

Monocular cue - occlusion.

A high number of … are found in the fovea and assist in color vision and visual acuity.

Cones

Caroline notices the smell of perfume after just one drop has been spilled in the classroom. Her notice of this is an example of what?

Absolute threshold

… generate action potentials that are sent to the brain by the optic nerve and then are processed in the …

Ganglion cells; thalamus

While at the store, Caroline sees several customers moving together to the sample counter. She infers that they must all be wanting to get a sample, which Gestalt principle is she using?

Common fate

(Type of learning) You are sprayed with water every time I say the word “learn”, so you learn to flinch every time you hear the word “learn” even if you aren’t sprayed.

Classical conditioning

(Type of learning) You learn how to make a new dessert by watching your mom make it.

Social learning.

(Type of learning) You are no longer bothered by announcements made over the intercom at work.

Non-associative learning

(Type of learning) You start coming to class more often because you know that you will sometimes get extra credit.

Operant conditioning

You’re sitting in a boring lecture and you notice the speaker keeps repeating the same phrase after every sentence. You become more annoyed, is this habituation or sensitization?

Sensitization

You move to a new house that is closer to the street than your old house. After a few months, you stop reaction to the street noise, is this habituation or sensitization?

Habituation

You used to feed your cat canned food, requiring a can opener, and your cat reacted to the sound. After switching to dry food, your cat no longer reacts to the sound of a can opener, what is this a sign of?

Extinction

Your 2-year-old niece got excited when she saw money, even if fake, because she knew she could use it to buy candy. However, recently she only started caring about real money, what is this an example of?

Discrimination

A child trying to tie their own shoes after watching their mom do it would be an example of … , but a child trying this after watching their older sibling get rewarded for it would be an example of … ?

Modeling; vicarious learning.

Arnold has a traumatic brain injury and cannot create new memories, he most likely has what?

Anterograde amnesia

Lila is trying to remember her new phone number but can only think of her old number. She is experiencing what?

Proactive interference.

Bob is interviewing a new employee. The new employee looks like one of his best workers so he decides to hire him. What heuristic is Bob using?

Representative heuristics

The word “defroster” has how many monophemes?

3

Does fluid intelligence or crystallized intelligence increase with age?

Crystallized

Victor sees the camelia garden is in front of the science building and so he infers that the science building must be farther away. Which monocular cue is he using?

Occlusion

During olfaction, odorants pass into the nose and are picked up by the olfactory receptors which then transmits information to the … and then that information is proccessed along the olfactory nerve and out to the cortex and amygdala.

Olfactory bulb

In order to increase her dog’s use of training pads, she rewards him with a treat when he uses them. What is this an example of?

Positive reinforcement

During the movie, a scary sound played right before the shark attacked. After a few instances, the scary sound played alone scared the audience. What is the scary sound an example of?

Conditioned stimulus

In a study, participants were presented with a list of words and asked to complete a free recall. Researchers noticed that participants remembered the beginning of the list and the end of the list. Memory from the beginning of the list is an example of what?

Primacy effect

As Dawn looks at the railroad tracks, she infers that the sign is farther away because the parallel tracks converge as they move away from her. She is using which monocular cue?

Linear perspective

Bob touched the hot pan on the stove and immediately pulled his hand back. It appears that the _________ nerve fibers which are ____________were activated.

Fast; myelinated

A mother is busy cooking dinner. Her 2-year-old child keeps asking repeatedly for cookies and throwing toys around the room. Eventually, the child asks again for cookies and the mother elicits an increased response after this continual exposure and says "ahhh enough no cookies". The mother has experienced _______________. 

Sensitization

Dion is trying to decide if this new item is a car. He compares it to his average car and decides that this new object is a car. What is he using to make his decision?

Prototype theory

When presented with a gain, participants tend to be ________________. 

Risk-averting

Jacob is trying to remember some lotto numbers for tonight's lottery. He links them to his old jersey number, his birthdate, and his favorite number. This is an example of __________. 

Elaborative rehearsal