AP Gov 2.2

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Last updated 1:57 PM on 5/5/26
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19 Terms

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Constituencies
Voters represented by legislators.
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House of Representatives
435 members, 2-year terms, single-member districts (winner-take-all).
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Senate
100 members, 6-year staggered terms, represent entire states.
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Apportionment
435 House seats are divided among 50 states.
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Census
Conducted every 10 years to determine apportionment.
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Speaker of the House
Presiding officer, sets agenda, and assigns bills.
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Whips
Count votes and enforce party discipline.
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Standing Committees
Permanent policy-focused committees.
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Selected Committee
Temporary, investigation/issues committee.
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Joint Committees
Members from both chambers.
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Conference Committee
Reconcile House and Senate versions of the bills.
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Rules Committee
Controls debate (open vs. closed rule).
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Discharge Petition
Forces bill to the floor without committee approval.
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Filibuster
Unlimited debate to block action.
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Cloture
60 votes to end filibuster.
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Mandatory Spending
Required by law (Social Security, Medicare).
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Discretionary Spending
Set annually (defense, education).
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Pork-Barrel Legislation
Funds for local projects.
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Logrolling
Vote trading to pass legislation.