A&P Chapter 8 study guide note cards

What are synarthroses? (writing this down)

Immovable joints held together by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage; may fuse over time. (Skull sutures, teeth in sockets, mental symphysis.)

What are amphiarthroses?

Slightly movable joints held together by fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, or ligaments. (Intervertebral discs, costosternal joints, pubic symphysis.)

What are diarthroses?

Freely movable synovial joints. (Shoulder, knee, hip, and elbow joints.)

What are the five features of every synovial joint? (writing this down lol)

Articular cartilage, joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, and reinforcing ligaments.

What is synovial fluid?

Fluid within synovial joints that lubricates, distributes nutrients, and absorbs shock.

What is the function of articular cartilage?

Absorbs compression and reduces friction between bones.

What is articular cartilage made of?

Hyaline cartilage.

What is the function of reinforcing ligaments?

Strengthen and reinforce joints.

What is the function of bursae?

Synovial fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction and absorb shock where tendons or ligaments rub against bone.

What is the function of fat pads?

Provide protection and cushioning at the edges of joints.

What are the menisci made of and supported by which ligaments

Fibrocartilage, collagen, medial collateral ligament (injury prone, less mobile)

What is a plane joint? (writing this too)

A synovial joint with flattened surfaces that allows gliding movements. (Intercarpal and intertarsal joints.)

What is a hinge joint? (writings this too)

A synovial joint allowing movement in a single plane. (Elbow, knee, and ankle.)

What is a pivot joint? (writing this too)

A synovial joint that allows rotation around a single axis. (Atlas-axis joint.)

What is a condyloid joint? (writing this down)

A synovial joint allowing movement in two planes and circumduction. (Radius-carpal (wrist) joint.)

What is a saddle joint? (writing)

A synovial joint allowing movement in two planes and circumduction but not rotation. (Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.)

What is a ball-and-socket joint?

A synovial joint with the greatest range of motion. (Shoulder and hip joints.)

What is rheumatoid arthritis? (also writing this one down lol)

Autoimmune inflammatory disease that attacks synovial joints and may lead to ankylosis.

What is osteoarthritis? (also writing this down)

Degenerative wear-and-tear arthritis caused by loss of articular cartilage.

What is gouty arthritis? (also writing this one)

Arthritis caused by uric acid crystal deposition, commonly at the base of the great toe.

What is a sprain?

Stretching or tearing of ligaments reinforcing a joint.

What is bursitis? (writing this down)

Inflammation of a bursa caused by excessive friction, stress, or bacterial infection.

What is flexion?

Movement that decreases the angle between two bones.

What is extension?

Movement that increases the angle between two bones.

What is abduction?

Movement away from the body's midline.

What is adduction?

Movement toward the body's midline.