[PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MIDTERMS] ALL TOPICS

FINAL

Communication

What is the process of creating and sharing meaning through words, behaviors, symbols, and signals?

Meaning-Making

What function of communication involves interpreting and assigning significance to information?

Connection

What function of communication involves building relationships, collaboration, and communities?

Sender

In the communication process, who is the originator of the message?

Encoding

In the communication process, what is the process of converting thoughts into a transmittable form?

Message

In the communication process, what refers to the information, ideas, or content being communicated?

Channel/Medium

In the communication process, what refers to the means by which a message is transmitted?

Receiver

In the communication process, who receives, interprets, and decodes the message?

Decoding

In the communication process, what refers to interpreting the received message?

Feedback

In the communication process, what refers to the receiver's response to the sender?

Noise

In communication, what refers to any barrier or interference that disrupts communication?

Context

In communication, what refers to the environment, situation, or setting in which communication occurs?

Physical Noise

What type of noise comes from external or environmental distractions, such as construction or loud music?

Psychological Noise

What type of noise occurs when a person's thoughts or emotions interfere with communication?

Semantic Noise

What type of noise results from confusing words, jargon, slang, or complex phrasing?

Cultural Noise

What type of noise results from differences in values, norms, or cultural expectations?

Psychosocial Noise

What type of noise involves physical conditions such as hearing impairment, illness, or fatigue?

Verbal Communication

What type of communication transmits information through spoken or written words?

Written Communication

Under verbal communication, what type includes emails, text messages, reports, letters, essays, and journals?

Oral Communication

Under verbal communication, what type includes calls, face-to-face interactions, lectures, and meetings?

Non-Verbal Communication

What type of communication expresses information through the body, face, or voice?

Facial Expressions

Under non-verbal communication, what category includes smiling, frowning, and raised eyebrows?

Gestures

Under non-verbal communication, what category includes pointing, waving, and shrugging?

Body Language/Posture

Under non-verbal communication, what category includes physical positioning such as crossed arms or an open stance?

Eye Contact

Under non-verbal communication, what category involves direct gaze, looking away, or staring?

Paralanguage

Under non-verbal communication, what category includes tone, pitch, volume, rate, rhythm, and intonation?

Proxemics

In non-verbal communication, what term refers to the use of personal space or distance?

Personal Appearance

Under non-verbal communication, what category involves clothing choices and presentation?

Visual Communication

What type of communication delivers messages through visual cues such as illustrations, charts, and infographics?

Intrapersonal Communication

What type of communication involves self-talk, imagination, visualization, recall, and memory?

Interpersonal Communication

What type of communication involves exchanging information and feelings between two or more people?

Extended Communication

What type of communication uses various means and channels beyond face-to-face interaction?

Digital Communication

Under extended communication, what type includes email, instant messaging, text messaging, social media, and video conferencing?

Organizational Communication

What type of communication involves information sharing within and between organizations?

Intercultural Communication

What type of communication involves people from different cultural backgrounds?

Formal Communication

What type of communication is structured, official, and hierarchical?

Informal Communication

What type of communication is unofficial, casual, and spontaneous?

Aristotle's Communication Model

Which communication model is an early framework focused on public speaking and persuasion?

Speaker

Under Aristotle's Communication Model, who delivers the message and whose credibility and character are important?

Speech

Under Aristotle's Communication Model, what refers to the content or message containing arguments and evidence?

Audience

Under Aristotle's Communication Model, who refers to the listeners whose beliefs, values, and emotions matter?

Ethos

Under Aristotle's Communication Model, which appeal refers to the speaker's credibility?

Logos

Under Aristotle's Communication Model, which appeal uses reason and evidence?

Pathos

Under Aristotle's Communication Model, which appeal connects with the audience's emotions?

Berlo's Communication Model

Which communication model is represented by the acronym SMCR?

SMCR

What acronym represents Source, Message, Channel, Receiver in Berlo's Communication Model?

Source

In Berlo's SMCR Model, what does the letter S represent?

Message

In Berlo's SMCR Model, what does the letter M represent?

Channel

In Berlo's SMCR Model, what does the letter C represent?

Receiver

In Berlo's SMCR Model, what does the letter R represent?

Shannon-Weaver Model

Which communication model developed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver focuses on transmission and noise?

Information Source

In the Shannon-Weaver Model, what element is the originator of the message?

Encoder/Transmitter

In the Shannon-Weaver Model, what element converts the message into a transmittable signal?

Channel

In the Shannon-Weaver Model, what element is the medium through which the signal travels?

Noise

In the Shannon-Weaver Model, what element refers to interference affecting the signal?

Decoder/Receiver

In the Shannon-Weaver Model, what element converts the signal into an understandable form?

Destination

In the Shannon-Weaver Model, what is the final recipient who interprets the message?

Transmission with Noise

What is the key feature of the Shannon-Weaver Model?

Osgood-Schramm Model

Which communication model emphasizes the reciprocal or cyclical nature of communication?

Dual Roles

In the Osgood-Schramm Model, what concept means the sender and receiver can switch roles?

Feedback

In the Osgood-Schramm Model, what concept allows clarification and adjustment during interaction? Aka the heart of interaction

Field of Experience

In the Osgood-Schramm Model, what concept refers to a person's background, culture, beliefs, and experiences?

More Effective Communication

According to the Osgood-Schramm Model, what occurs when sender and receiver have greater overlap in their field of experience?

Westley and MacLean Model

Which communication model begins when a person responds selectively to the physical surroundings?

news articles/info

In the Westley and MacLean Model, what do X1, X2, and X3 represent as __?

clients/info sources

In the Westley and MacLean Model, what does A represent as the ___?

reader/audience

In the Westley and MacLean Model, what does B represent as the ___?

gatekeeper

In the Westley and MacLean Model, what does C represent as the ___?

Barnlund's Transactional Model

Which transactional communication model emphasizes simultaneous sending and receiving?

Public Cues cpu

In Barnlund's Transactional Model, what type of cues include physical, environmental, artificial, or natural cues?

Private Cues cpr

In Barnlund's Transactional Model, what type of cues refer to private objects of orientation and senses?

Behavioral Cues cbehv cbehnv

In Barnlund's Transactional Model, what type of cues include verbal and non-verbal cues?

Filters

In Barnlund's Transactional Model, what refers to the realities of the people engaged in communication?

Valence Signs

In Barnlund's Transactional Model, what signs are represented by +, 0, and − and indicate attractiveness?

Simultaneous

What is the key feature of Barnlund's Transactional Model regarding sending and receiving?

Interchange Places

According to Barnlund's Transactional Model, what happens to the sender and receiver during communication?

Dance's Helical Model

Which communication model uses a helix or spiral to represent communication?

Continuous

Under Dance's Helical Model, which characteristic states that communication never stops?

Cumulative

Under Dance's Helical Model, which characteristic states that each interaction builds on the previous interaction?

Dynamic

Under Dance's Helical Model, which characteristic states that communication adapts to context, relationships, and personal growth?

Contextual

Under Dance's Helical Model, which characteristic states that communication is influenced by culture, environment, and experience?

Non-Repetitive

Under Dance's Helical Model, which characteristic states that no two interactions are exactly the same?

More Complex

According to Dance's Helical Model, what happens to communication as experience increases?

Communication Evolving Over Time

What does the helix represent in Dance's Helical Model?

Delia's Constructivism

Which constructivist model focuses on cognitive processes and communication complexity?

Cognitive Complexity

Under Delia's Constructivism, what is the ability to process information in more sophisticated ways?

Differentiation

Under Delia's Constructivism, what cognitive process involves recognizing multiple dimensions of a person or situation?

Abstraction

Under Delia's Constructivism, what cognitive process involves interpreting behavior through internal motives?

Organization

Under Delia's Constructivism, what cognitive process involves integrating information into a coherent framework?

Person-Centered Communication

Under Delia's Constructivism, what type of communication tailors messages to the listener's perspective?

Instrumental Goals

Under Delia's Constructivism, what type of communication goal involves achieving practical outcomes?

Relational Goals

Under Delia's Constructivism, what type of communication goal involves managing relationships and social bonds?

Identity Goals

Under Delia's Constructivism, what type of communication goal involves presenting oneself in a desired way?

NLP

What communication model developed by Richard Bandler and John Grinder ___?

Neuro-Linguistic Programming

What does the abbreviation NLP stand for?

External Event

In the NLP Communication Model, what refers to the objective event or raw data occurring in the outside world?

Sensory Input

In the NLP Communication Model, what stage involves information entering through the five senses?

VAKOG

In NLP, what acronym represents Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Olfactory, and Gustatory?

Deletion

Under NLP's filters of perception, which filter selectively removes sensory details to prevent information overload?

Distortion

Under NLP's filters of perception, which filter alters perception through expectations and beliefs?