science wa2

Friction

The force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.

Elastic force

A force acting on a stretched or compressed elastic object to return it to its original shape.

Gravitational force

A force that attracts two objects towards each other based on their masses and distance between them.

Magnetic force

Force exerted between magnets or magnetic materials like iron, nickel, cobalt, and steel.

Electrostatic force

Force exerted by one object on another without physical contact.

Mass

Fundamental property representing the amount of matter in an object.

Weight

Gravitational force acting on an object.

Pressure

Effect of force on an object, defined as force per unit area.

Work done

Energy transferred through the application of forces, measured in joules (J).

Energy conservation

Principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

Conduction

Transfer of thermal energy through a medium without the medium's flow.

Convection

Transfer of heat energy in fluids due to density differences causing current movements.

Radiation

Transfer of thermal energy through waves without a medium, such as infrared radiation.

Global Warming

Phenomenon where increased carbon dioxide levels trap thermal energy, contributing to Earth's temperature rise.

Neutralisation

When an acid reacts with a carbonate, producing salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

pH Scale

A scale from 0 to 14 indicating the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Universal Indicators

Solutions or papers changing color to show pH values from 0 to 14.

Acid-Base Indicators

Substances changing color to indicate the pH of a solution.

Ecosystem Interrelationships

Predator-prey, mutualism, and parasitism interactions in an ecosystem.

Habitat

The specific environment where an organism lives and thrives.

Adaptive Traits

Structural and behavioral characteristics helping organisms survive in their habitats.

Environmental Changes

Alterations in physical factors affecting the survival of organisms in an ecosystem.

Human Impact on Ecosystems

Actions with negative and positive impacts on the environment.

Responsible Choices

Making decisions that consider the impact on the stability of ecosystems.