Unit 2 AOS 1: Parenting and prenatal and early childhood development

parenting

the process of promoting the physical, emotional, social and intellectual development and health and wellbeing of a child.

4 considerations before becoming a parent

changes in responsibility

provide an optimal environment

changes in relationships

additional stressors.

3 points from changes in responsibility

protect their child from harm

provide their child with food, clothing and housing

provide an education

how do changes in relationships occur during parenting

partners thrive on time spent together and connecting and listening. Parenting may affect it.

Family becomes a source of social support and new roles such as grandpa, grandma, aunt and uncle happen

socializing takes more time to plan and prep then it once did, which can increase the temptation to reduce social contact.

name 4 additional stressors to parenting

health

social

psychological

financial

fertilisation

fusing of a sperm and an egg cell.

zygote

cell created when an ovum is fertilized by a sperm

placenta

an organ that allows the transfer of nutrients, gases and wastes between the mother and foetus

3 stages of prenatal development

germinal

embryonic

foetal

2 characteristics of germinal

formation of placenta

sperm cell combines with an egg cell to form a zygote

2 characteristics of embryonic

cells start taking on specialized roles

‘critical period’ of development

2 characteristics of foetal

foetus assume the ‘head down’ position in prep for birth

foetus is around 50 centimeters in length

teratogens

anything in the environment of the embryo that can cause defects in development. examples include tobacco smoke, alcohol, prescription medication.

cell differentitaion

when cells take on specialized roles

3 risk factors in parenting

poverty

stress

conflict/violence

3 protective factors in parenting

nutritious diet

health literacy

access to health services

risks of maternal undernutrition

low birthweight

inability to maintain body temperature

infection

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

folate role in prenatal development

formation of red blood cells

DNA synthesis

development of the nervous system

risks of a lack of folate in prenatal development

neural tube defects

spina bifida

role of iodine in prenatal development

development of brain and nervous system

allows for branching that allows for neuron connections

risk of a lack of iodine during prenatal development

reduced branching which leads to less connections and lower IQ

foods pregnant should avoid

raw seafood

unpasteurized foods and soft cheeses

what can smoking do to prenatal development

low birthweight

premature birth

lung function abnormalities

what can alcohol consumption do to prenatal development

foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)\

heart defects

undernourishment due to alcohol blocking nutrients

low birthweight