Science Exam Revision

What type of reaction involves a substance reacting with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water?

Combustion reaction.

What are the products of complete combustion of methane (CH4)?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).

In incomplete combustion, what is produced along with water?

Carbon monoxide (CO).

What type of reaction occurs when a metal reacts with oxygen and moisture?

Corrosion.

What happens in a composition (synthesis) reaction?

Smaller reactants bond together to form one larger product.

What is the process called when a larger compound breaks down into simpler substances?

Decomposition.

What is an example of a decomposition reaction?

2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2.

In a single displacement reaction, what occurs?

One element swaps places with another in a compound.

What does increasing surface area do to a reaction?

It increases the frequency of collisions and speeds up the reaction.

How does higher concentration affect reaction rates?

It leads to more frequent collisions between particles, thus speeding up the reaction.

What effect does increasing temperature have on reaction rates?

It increases particle energy and movement, leading to more frequent and successful collisions.

What is the independent variable in the 'Magnesium Ribbon + HCl' experiment?

The factor that you change, such as temperature.

What does the dependent variable represent in a scientific experiment?

The factor that you measure, such as the time taken for the ribbon to dissolve.

What are the four layers of the Earth from outermost to innermost?

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core.

What characterizes oceanic crust?

It is thinner, denser, and mostly made of basalt rock.

What happens to temperature as you travel deeper into the Earth?

Temperature increases.

What causes the immense pressure in the Earth's inner core?

The weight of the rock above the inner core.

What drives the movement of tectonic plates?

Convection currents in the core.

What is a hot spot volcano?

A volcano formed by a plume of super-hot magma rising from deep in the mantle in the middle of the crust

Why do hot spot volcanoes form chains like the Hawaiian Islands?

The magma plume is stationary while the tectonic plate moves over it.