Polar Test

r is increasing and positive

r is increasing and positive

distance is increasing

r is increasing and negative

distance is decreasing

r is decreasing and positive

distance is decreasing

r is decreasing and negative

distance is increasing

cardioid

a = b

dimpled

a> b

inner loop

a<b

polar coordinates

(r, theta)

odd (cycle for circle)

[0, pi]

even (cycle for circle)

[0, 2pi]

estimate the value for f()

y-y1 = m(x-x1)

max of a line

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archimedes spiral

r = theta