Period 1 & 2 Important APUSH Terms

King Philip’s War

War between native american confederation, made by metacom or king philip, and the english, pilgrims and massachusetts people. War started in 1675 due to dishonesty from the English and exploitation of the natives for easy purchase of land. War ended in 1676 because the English were able to use the Mohegan peoples to help with battle. The Native Americans also ran out of resources so were forced to run.

Metacom

King Philip, leader of the Womanoag people after the death of Alexander, his brother, and Massasoit, his father

Mercantilism

idea that gov should regulate trade for profit; colonies are for the profit of the mother country

Navigation Act

a set of laws that required all raw materials be sent to Britain where it can be manufactured and then sent back out to the colonies for sale. Many didn’t follow these laws and illegally smuggled goods from other countries cuz cheaper.

New York

one of the mid colonies, taken over from the Dutch and gifted to the Duke of York. Had a high Dutch population and was religiously tolerant

Covenant Chain

New York entered in an alliance with the Haudenosaunee in mid 1670s to fight off the French; establish peace and trade with the Iroquois

Carolina

North and South Carolina; they were established as colonies to keep a barrier to the Spanish in Florida

Yamasee War

Yamasee people were being scammed by the British so they were in big debt and some of their people were being sold off as slaves so they decided to fight back; Yamasee+Muscogee+Spanish vs English+Cherokees

Society of Friends (Quakers)

followers of Anne Hutchinson, believed in friendliness with the Natives. Also had beliefs that salvation was from the inner self and was religiously tolerant

William Penn

Governor of Pennsylvania, received a charter from King Charles II for repay debts to his family contributions

Pennsylvania

a middle colony, governed by William Penn, had a good relationship with the Natives, was religiously tolerant with freedom of religion as long as not public

Bacon’s Rebellion

western smaller farmers of Virginia were angry that they couldn’t get the better land near the coast and was stuck with the bad land near the Natives in the frontier, so they decided to raid, torch, burn all the houses and fields of the wealthy farmers in Virginia. It resulted in the elite planters turning towards slaves more than indentured servants later after the rebellion since the slaves would work for a lifetime and are cheaper.

Slave codes

rules on what slaves can do and what they can’t do, including punishments on what happens if they misbehave. Slave codes are usually very harsh.

Glorious Revolution

Parliament vs Crown in England, Parliament wins, the people of England have more power over the government than ever before

English Bill of Rights

States the rights of a common Englishman(right to jury and later toleration acts)

Lords of Trade

people who controlled trade of the Dominion of New England starting in 1675

Dominion of New England

combination of all colonies during 1680s, ruled by governor of New York Edmund Andros

English Toleration Act

makes catholicism tolerated in colonies. They can no longer persecute/banish people for catholic and differing beliefs

Salem Witch Trials

period of time in 1692 where women who were estranged/”not normal” were accused of being witches which led to them being executed

Mestizo

a mix between Spanish and Native American

Scots-Irish immigrants

Immigrant from Scotland and Ireland who came for better treatment and religious escape from the brutality in their home countries

German immigrants

From Germany, who came for the religious tolerance and economic opportunities

Redemptioners

people who came as indentured families

Walking Purchase

Purchase by colonists for land from the Natives where the governor hired professional runners to run the distance and was able to take way more land expected. Cheated the Natives so bad relations afterwards

Backcountry

the western sides of colonies from Pennsylvania southward

Staple crops

crops that were grown very often in a region cuz of its money making potential

Anglicization

Colonists becoming more like the English, which happens over the course of the colonial history cuz they all see themselves as English subjects

Natchez War

war fought between Native slaves in Louisiana and the French. The French wanted a plantation colony in Louisiana near New Orleans so they imported Native slaves, but the native slaves revolted against the French. The French won tho.

Great Plains

Region between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains

Atlantic slave trade

transatlantic trading of slaves for labor in the american colonies. Peaked around the 1680s

triangle trade

slave trade triangle, european → africa for slaves, africa → american colonies/west indies to sell slaves and pick up exports, american colonies/west indies → europe to sell the goods from the colonies

Middle Passage

middle passage of the atlantic slave trade, from africa to colonies, many didn’t survive cuz of disease and the closely packed nature of these ships, also africans be selling off their own ppl for money

Stono Rebellion

uprising by enslaved in South Carolina in 1739 that led to tightening of slave code

Republicanism

active participation in public life by economically independent citizens is the essence of liberty

John Locke

a critical thinker in the Enlightenment period, his ideas of natural rights(consent to be governed, right of abolition of gov if gov bad, etc

colonial assemblies

elected assemblies where members decide on important decisions for the colony

salutary neglect

neglect to enforce laws (britain no enforce navigation acts)

colonial press

printing press/newspapers in the colonies, resulting in ideas of freedom of speech

Enlightenment

a period where reason became the forefront of explaining the world instead of religion or magic. Caused cuz Scientific Revolution and the anger towards wars started cuz religion Effects: people thought for themselves more and relied less on the church

Benjamin Franklin

pretty important guy, a founding father and an activist

Deism

idea that God created this world then left it to run by itself based on the scientific processes of nature

Great Awakening and impacts

revivalist movement for religion, Cause: Enlightenment meant a decline in religious passion Effect: Religious tolerance, new denominations, and more individualism

Ohio Valley

a region near ohio

Seven Years’ War

also called the French and Indian War was a conflict between the English and French with Natives helping on both sides. Britain was claiming land in the Ohio region and the French refused to recognize them taking their own land so war started. The war left Britain in heavy debt

George Washington

general in the Seven Years’ War, but he failed his mission of convincing the French to stop building a fort, later became general of continental army and first president of US

William Pitt

Prime minister of Britain during the Seven Years’ War and led the British to victory

Treaty of Paris (1763)

treaty for the Seven Years’ war which gave Britain all of the Canadian territory from France

Pontiac’s War

Native leader, Pontiac, and his tribe convinced that the British was a threat to them so they attacked important forts, trading posts, and villages

Proclamation of 1763

a line, passed by the London gov, that forbade the colonists from taking land west of the Appalachian Mountains. Angered many colonists cuz they just fought for that land

Albany Plan of Union

a grand council of the colonies, proposed by Benjamin Franklin, where each colony sends delegates and the council would make decisions for all of the colonies. Rejected cuz that would cut the assembly’s power

Great League of Peace (Iroquois Confederacy)

group of Natives in the mid eastern area of the US, they were the most powerful for a good while and had lots of trade with British

Reconquista

the “reconquest” of Spain from Mors, a muslim African group that occupied the Iberian Peninsula(during King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Castile in 1492)

Caravel

long distance ships designed by the Portuguese for trade and exploration

Conquistadores

1500s Spanish or Portuguese explorer

Tenochitlan

Capital of Aztec Empire

Aztec

Ancient people of the Mexico region then in 1521 Spanish people took over

Columbian Exchange

transatlantic trade of food, ideas, and others

Creoles

European people born in Americas

Hacienda

farm system where there were slaves that worked the land

Ninety Five Theses

Written by Martin Luther in 1517, a statement of all the wrongdoings of the Catholic church, such as the selling of indulgements and prioritizing profit over religion. Started the Protestant Reformation

Bartolomé de Las Casas

a Spanish cleric who spoke out against the treatment of the slaves. He released his own slaves and wrote about the treatment

repartimiento system

Native towns have to pay a cretain amount of labor every year, a result of de Las Casas writings

Black Legend

Spanish legend that they were incredibly brutal and evil towards the slaves

Pueblo Revolt

Pueblo people in 1680 revolted against the Spanish rule due to the oppressive environment, religious conversion and strict rules so they all gathered under a guy named Pope and revolted

Borderland

land between Native territories where the border may be a little iffy

John Smith

leader of Jamestown

Virginia Company

set up the colony of Virginia in the first place, bought the charter and set out on this venture

Anglican Church

Official church of England and a sign of Anglicanism in the southern colonies

Roanoke colony

mysterious colony that failed, people disappeared with a single mark of the Croatian people

enclosure movement

in England, public/common land was no longer a thing, private estates, and many people went under the poverty line

indentured servants

people who sell 5-7 years of their labor for a trip across the Atlantic

Jamestown

first ever established British colony in Virginia near Hudson river

headright system

anyone paying their own passage to the Americas gets 50 acres of land once arrival

House of Burgesses

elite planters of Virginia forming a council to make decisions for the colony

Anglo-Powhatan Wars

3 wars between the Algoquian people and the English cuz the English was destroying the Natives land and crops

Tobacco

a cash crop for planters in Virginia

Plantation

a large farm where slaves work away at growing the crops and are payed very little

Dower rights

rights for women where if their husband dies, they get half of his properties

West Indies

central American islands where it was easy to grow sugar

Sugar

cash crop of the west indies

Maryland

colony on other side of Hudson River to Virginia, original governor Baltimore who was Catholic unlike his population

Puritans

a set of people who think the Protestant church isn’t pure enough, believes in individual interpretation in smaller settings, + predestination

John Winthrop

governor of Massachusetts colony who was very into puritanism and considered it good for society if all subjects were religiously committed

Pilgrims

first set of people to sail to New England and set up a colony in Plymouth

Mayflower Compact

first self governing document of the Americas, an agreement among the Pilgrims that they would all act in the interest of the greater good

Great Migration

In 1630-1640 due to the death of King Charles I and the terrible conditions in England, many came to the Americas for the financial opportunity or for religious escape

Massachusetts Bay

the colony on top of Plymouth and near the bay for massachusetts

Pequot War

war between Pequotes and Narragansetts+Mohegans, but English joined one side and demolished the Pequots

Dissenters

Jews or people of dif churches that are exiled

Half-Way Covenant

allowed “half membership" of the church for those who were grandchildren of the people in the Great Migration

Act Concerning Religion (Maryland Toleration Act)

Maryland now tolerates Protestant people in their government, so allows more people to apply since before it was only Catholic