AP Bio Unit 1 Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

building blocks of life

monosaccharide

monomer of carbohydrates

fructose, glucose, sucrose, etc.

examples of carbohydrate monosaccharides

polysaccharide

polymer of carbohydrates

starch, glycogen, and cellulose

examples of polysaccharides

starch

long term energy storage for plants

glycogen

long term energy storage for animals

cellulose

for plant cell walls, indigestible, very rigid and strong

no true monomer

monomer for lipids

glycerol and a fatty acids (1+)

lipids are composed of ____-

fat, wax, sterols, and vitamins A, D, E, and K

examples of lipids

unsaturated

if the two central carbons in a fatty acids are double bonded, as opposed to being single bonded with hydrogens both above and below them, the fatty acid is said to be _____

saturated

if the two central carbons in a fatty acids are single bonded with hydrogens both above and below them, as opposed to double bonded, the fatty acid is said to be _____

cisfat

my fat is a _____ if the hydrogens are on the same side of the center carbons (both above or both below)

transfat

my fat is a _____ if the hydrogens are on opposite sides of the center carbons (one above and one below)

most diverse

proteins are the ______ group of the building blocks

amino acid

monomer of proteins

polypeptide

polymer of proteins

polypeptide

every protein is a ______ but not every ______ is a protein

primary structure of protein

linear strand of aminoa cids

secondary structure of protein

alpha helix--spiral-- or beta pleated sheet--folded-- (H-bonds)

tertiary structure of protein

3D shape based on R-group interactions

quaternary structure of a protein

composed of multiple tertiary proteins

friction/movement, acid, and heat (denaturation)

what can destroy a protein?

denaturation

loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor, breaking bonds

nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

polymer of nucleic acids

nucleoside

a nucleotide but with just the sugar and the base (no phosphate)

1, 2, or 3

nucleotides can have _____ phosphates

phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base

three parts of a nucleotide

holding the phosphate

the number 5 carbon on the nucleotide sugar is always ____

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

if the number 2 carbon on a nucleotide HAS AN OXYGEN attached, the sugar is ____

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

if the number 2 carbon on a nucleotide DOES NOT HAVE AN OXYGEN attached, the sugar is ____

5' to 3'

DNA always runs down/gets longer from ______

3rd carbon (3' end)

when adding another nucleotide to DNA, it is attached at the _____