MYP 5 Y11 Biology (Inheritance)

Genetics and the environment both affect an organism's characteristics; for example, __________ can influence the color of a flower in plants, while __________ can affect how tall an organism grows.

Genetics; environmental factors like sunlight and water availability.

Monozygotic twins arise from a __________, while dizygotic twins develop from __________.

single fertilized egg; two separate fertilized eggs.

An organism is __________ if it has two identical alleles for a trait, and __________ if it has two different alleles.

homozygous; heterozygous.

______________ are typically expressed in the phenotype when at least one dominant allele is present, whereas ____________ alleles are masked by dominant alleles.

Dominant alleles; recessive alleles.

A __________ is a version of a gene that determines specific traits, while __________ refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.

allele; genotype.

The physical appearance of an organism, which is determined by the genotype, is known as its __________.

phenotype.

In a monohybrid cross with a dominant trait represented by 'A' and a recessive trait by 'a', the offspring of two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa) would have a genotype ratio of __________.

1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa.

To determine blood type, the presence of antibodies A and B in the serum signifies __________ and can reveal whether the blood type is A, B, AB, or O.

the presence of specific antigens on the red blood cells.

In a codominant relationship, both alleles __________ in the phenotype, such as in the AB blood type where both A and B alleles are expressed.

are fully expressed.