bone lab

Articulating surfaces

• condyle: large, smooth, rounded, oval structure

• facet: small, flat, shallow surface

• head: prominent, rounded epiphysis

• trochlea: smooth, grooved, pulleylike process

*smooth areas where two bones meet to form a joint

Condyle

• articulating surface

• large, smooth, rounded, oval structure

• “knuckle-like”

Facet

• articulating surface

• small, flat, shallow surface

Head

• articulating surface

• prominent, rounded epiphysis

• rounded articular portion of a long bone involved in a ball & socket joint

  • separated by a narrow neck

Trochlea

• articulating surface

• smooth, grooved, pulleylike process

Depressions

• alveolus (pl. alveoli): deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible

• fossa (pl. fossae): flattened or shallow depression

• sulcus: narrow groove

• notch: indentation or cleft on the edge or margin of a bone

*help stabilize a joint or allow soft tissue and muscle to rest

Alveolus (pl. alveoli)

• depression

• deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible

Fossa (pl. fossae)

• depression

• flattened or shallow depression

Sulcus

• depression

• narrow groove

Notch

• indentation or cleft on the edge or margin of a bone

Projections

• crest: narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection

• epicondyle: projection adjacent to a condyle

• line: low ridge

  • where a muscle will attach

• process: any marked bony prominence

  • sticks out

  • muscle & ligament attachment & joint formation

• ramus / rami: angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure

  • branch

• spine: pointed, slender process

  • process but stuck out even more

• trochanter: massive, rough projection found only on the femur

  • huge bump

• tubercle: small, round projection

  • bump

• tuberosity: large, rough projection

  • bigger bump

*serve as attachment points for tendons and ligaments

Crest

• projection

• narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection

Epicondyle

• projection adjacent to a condyle

Line

• projection

• low ridge

• where a muscle will attach

Process

• projection

• any marked bony prominence

• sticks out

• muscle & ligament attachment & joint formation

Ramus / rami

• projection

• angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure

• branch

Spine

• projection

• pointed, slender process

  • process but stuck out even more

Trochanter

• projection

• massive, rough projection found only on the femur

Tubercle

• small, round projection

• bump

Tuberosity

• large, rough projection

• bigger bump

Openings & spaces

• canal: passageway through a bone

• fissure: narrow, slit-like opening through a bone

• foreamen / foramina: hole / rounded passageway through a bone

• meatus: passageway through a bone

  • canal running inside a bone

  • funnel, wider then gets smaller

• sinus: cavity or hollow space in a bone

*blood, nerves, air go thru these openings

Canal

• passageway through a bone

Fissure

• narrow, slit-like opening through a bone

Foramen / foramina

• rounded passageway thru a bone

Meatus

• passageway thru a bone

  • canal running inside a bone

  • funnel, wider then gets smaller

Sinus

• cavity or hollow space in a bone