Structural Polyssacharides

Storage polysyccharides linkage

Form beta linkages that create straight chains. The chains form interchain h bonds and tight pack side by side

Cellulose

Beta 1→4 linkage that create side by side chains with interchain h bonding

Chitin

beta 1→4 heteropolymer. Repeating unit is NAGs which is a sugar with a nitrogen. Used for exoskeleton

Agarose

Heterodimer beta 1→4 linkage. Contains sulfer which attracts water. Agarose form double helix and aggregate together to create pores

Peptidoglycan

Bacterial cell wall made up of repeating subunits NAM and NAG.

NAM

sugar in peptidogllycan that has a peptide stem. Made up of D aa

Transpeptidase

enzyme used to crosslink neighboring peptide stems

How does penicillin work

Penicillin binds to the active site of transpeptidase which prevents peptidoglycan crosslinking

Proteoglycans

Sugars (GAGs) with proteins found in the ECM. They form hydrated branches that allow oxygen and nutrients to diffuse

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

negatively charged heteropolysacchrides that are covalently attached to the core protein

Charge of GAGs and why

GAGs are negatively charged because of sulfate group in the amino sugar and carboxylate group in acidic sugar

Hyluronan

Hyaluronan is a non-sulfanated GAG chain that is the back bone (stem)