ETHICS: Module 2: Introduction to Ethics

Ethics

• _ (Moral Character)

• is the study of the underlying principles

  of morality.

Meta-Ethics
Normative Ethics
Applied/Practical ethics

Sub-branches of Ethics: (M N A)

Meta-Ethics

• is the study of the basic ethical concepts and principles that aid in the discussion of Ethics.

Normative Ethics

• focuses on the study of various ethical frameworks or theories that aim to guide our conduct.

Applied/Practical Ethics

• Application of ethical theories towards specific concerns.

• This is also referred to as _.

Folkways
(Dialogues)
Mores
Laws

Primary Specimen in Ethics: (F M L)

Mores

• _ which attained moral equivalence through dialogues.

Deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning

Basic Models in Making Moral Decisions: (D I)

Deductive reasoning

• General to specific

Inductive reasoning
Equilibrium

• Reflective _.

• Specific to general

Ethical / Moral subjectivism
Ethical / Moral relativism
Equating Morality and Religion
Equating Morality and Law
Contrasting Morality and Biology
Is-ought Fallacy

Challenges in Discussing Ethics: (S R R L C I)

Ethical / Moral subjectivism

• Individual.

• We are all entitled to have our own belief.

• People don’t know the limitation of their choices.

Ethical / Moral relativism
Tradition

• Communal / Societal _.

• Entitled with their _.

Equating Morality and Religion

• _ is limited.

• Morality is league on its own.

• Not because _ thinks its immoral doesn’t mean Pilipino people think of it the same.

• DEATH.

Equating Morality and Law
Adultery
Concubinage

• Illustrative Examples: _ and _ (Arts. _ and _, Revised Penal Code)

  • Adultery and concubinage are crimes against chastity under the RPC, and which are referred to as sexual infidelity. Although these crimes are of the same nature and both constitute infidelity, there is a higher burden put on women/wives than on men/husbands.

• Mala prohibita and mala in se, distinguished:

  • _ crimes are inherently immoral and evil, like murder, rape, and espionage, requiring proof of criminal intent for conviction.

  • _ crimes are not inherently immoral but are illegal, like jaywalking, vote selling, and improper waste disposal, because a statute probits them. Criminal intent is not required for a conviction in _, only conscious performance of the prohibited act.

Contrasting Morality and Biology

• Rape

• feel good doesn’t mean you want what is happening to you morally.

  • Article 12 (Circumstances which exempt from criminal liability.) and

  • Article 13 (Mitigating circumstances)

Is-ought Fallacy

• Naturalistic fallacy

• _ Observatory state

• _ required to do

Article 333, RPC
Adultery

• _ is committed by any married woman who shall have sexual intercourse with a man not her husband and by the man who has carnal knowledge of her knowing her to be married, even if the marriage be subsequently declared void...

Art. 334, RPC.
Concubinage.
husband
Mistress
conjugal dwelling
Sexual intercourse
not his wife
Cohabit
Prison correctional

• Any _ who shall keep a _ in the _, or shall have _, under scandalous circumstances, with a woman who is _, or shall _ with her in any other place, shall be punished by _ in its minimum and medium periods...

Adultery
sexual intercourse

_, elements

• The woman is married;

• She has _ with a man not her husband; and

• As regards the man with whom she has sexual intercourse, he must know her to be married.

Concubinage
conjugal dwelling
Sexual intercourse
not his wife
Cohabiting

_, elements

• The man must be married;

• The man committed any of the following:

  • 1. Keeping a mistress in the _,

  • 2. Having _ under scandalous circumstances with a woman who is not his wife; or

  • 3. _ with her in any other place; and

• As regards the woman, she must know him to be married.