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Planning & Design: Idea generation, scriptwriting, character design, storyboards, concept testing, budgeting, and feasibility checks.
Pre-Production
Creation Phase: Layout design, key animation, in-betweening, background art, 3D modeling, surfacing, and character rigging.
Production
Finalizing Phase: Video editing, sound effects (SFX), voice-over sync, color grading, visual effects (VFX), and final exporting.
Post-Production
Replace a character, setting, or material.
Substitute
Blend two separate ideas or genres together.
Combine
Borrow or adjust concepts from other works.
Adapt
Flip the plot, roles, order, or perspective.
Reverse / Rearrange
Change color, size, shape, or scale.
Modify / Magnify
Use objects in unexpected ways.
Put to another use
Simplify by removing unnecessary details.
Eliminate
A visual diagram starting with a central topic and branching outwards into related sub-ideas, themes, and character traits.
Mind Mapping
Obtaining ideas, opinions, or solutions by soliciting contributions from a large group of people or an online community.
Crowdsourcing
Presenting an animation concept/script to a test group before full production to evaluate interest and catch issues early.
Concept Testing
Financial limitations. Determines team size, software, quality of animation, length, and production timeline.
Budget
Assessing whether the project can realistically be completed considering budget, tech, time, and skills.
Feasibility
Determining what the market/audience wants to watch or learn from (e.g., educational vs. pure entertainment).
Demand & User Needs
Analyzing existing shows/films in the same market to ensure your project stands out with unique elements.
Competition
Directly dictates animation style! • Toddlers (2-5): Simple shapes, bright primary colors, slow pace. • Teens/Adults: Detailed figures, complex colors, fast pacing, dark/mature themes.
Target Audience
Starts with INT. (Interior) or EXT. (Exterior), location name, and time of day (e.g., INT. BEDROOM - DAY).
Scene Heading ALL CAPS
First time a character appears in action lines, capitalize their name completely (e g LEO (10))
Character Intro ALL CAPS
Draw an imaginary curved guide line first to show energy and direction of posture (e.g., Max shivering uses a curved, slouched spine).
Line of Action
Break characters into simple 3D shapes (spheres, boxes, cylinders) before drawing details to give form and depth.
Basic Volume Shapes
Ensure pose is recognizable even as a solid black shape. Clean up line work by eliminating ambiguous lines and tangents.
Clear Silhouette & Clean-Up
• Circles/Soft curves: Friendly, cute, safe (used for Max & Leo). • Squares: Solid, reliable. • Triangles: Dynamic, sharp, or dangerous.
Shape Language
Drawing character from multiple angles (Front, Side, 3/4 View, Back) to maintain size consistency across animators
Model Sheet (Turnaround)
Sheet showing character's facial changes (e.g., Max: scared, hungry, happy, wet face) to guide animators.
Expression Sheet
Editing cues between scenes like FADE IN: (start), CUT TO: (instant change), and FADE OUT. (ending).
Transitions
Shows emotion or manner of speaking (e.g., (whispering) or (crying)). Placed between character name and dialogue.
Parenthetical
Character is physically present in the scene location but not visible on camera.
O.S. (Off-Screen)
Narration or voice from a character not in the scene or speaking over imagery.
V.O. (Voice-Over)