Lab 3 Exam (ECG readings and Hematology)

Anti-A: Agglutination

Anti-B: No Agglutination

Anti-Rh: Agglutination

A+

Anti-A: Agglutination

Anti-B: No Agglutination

Anti-Rh: No Agglutination

A-

Anti-A: No Agglutination

Anti-B: Agglutination

Anti-Rh: Agglutination

B+

Anti-A: No Agglutination

Anti-B: Agglutination

Anti-Rh: No Agglutination

B-

Anti-A: Agglutination

Anti-B: Agglutination

Anti-Rh: Agglutination

AB+

Anti-A: Agglutination

Anti-B: Agglutination

Anti-Rh: No Agglutination

AB-

Anti-A: No Agglutination

Anti-B: No Agglutination

Anti-Rh: Agglutination

O+

Anti-A: No Agglutination

Anti-B: No Agglutination

Anti-Rh: No Agglutination

O-

Normal Sinus Rhythm

60 - 100 bpm

Tachycardia

Bradycardia

First-degree AV block

Second-degree AV block

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

Extra systoles or QRS complex w/o preceding P-wave

Ventricular tachycardia

ECG has widened/distorted QRS complex that obscured the P wave.

Ventricular fibrillation

P-wave

The atria depolarizes and contracts, pushing the remaining blood into the ventricles.

QRS complex

Ventricles depolarize and contract. The tricuspid and bicuspid valves shut causing a buildup of ventricular pressure until the semilunar values open into the aorta or pulmonary trunk. Atrial repolarization is occurring during this period as well.

T-wave

Ventricles repolarize and relax. Semilunar values snap shut, allowing blood to fill the ventricles again.

Erythrocytes

Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body.

Thrombocytes

Smallest formed units, derived from bone marrow. Makes up most of blood clotting and inflammation. Releases serotonin for vasoconstriction and growth factors which maintain and repair vessels walls.

Neutrophils

Active engulfers (phagocytes) and killers of bacteria/microorganisms

Eosinophils

Destroys eukaryotic pathogens, worm and fungal infections. Active in allergy and inflammation responses.

Basophils

Responsible for recruiting inflammatory cells (mast cells). They also release histamine to promote inflammation and diapedesis.

Lymphocytes

Involved in specific immune reactions to foreign matter.

T-cells: Activated T-cells modulate immune functions to kill foreign cells (cell-mediated immunity)

B-cells: Activated B-cells produce antibodies (humoral immunity)

Monocytes

Matures into macrophages and dendritic cells which are both phagocytic; trapping pathogens and participating in immune reactions.