PDH - Content

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What is a gender stereotype?

A generalised belief about how people should behave based on gender.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — How can gender stereotypes affect women?

Limit identity, choices, opportunities and confidence.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What is sexualisation in media?

Presenting people mainly as sexual objects or focusing on sexual appearance.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What is sexploitation?

Using sexual images or content to attract attention, sell products or gain profit.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — How can media sexualise women?

Through revealing clothing, suggestive poses, editing and unrealistic portrayals.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are possible effects of sexualisation?

Unrealistic expectations, comparison, reduced self-esteem and objectification.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — How can media representation improve?

Show diverse women, abilities, appearances, roles and achievements.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What is body image?

How a person sees and feels about their appearance.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What influences body image?

Family, friends, culture, social media and advertising.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — How can unrealistic beauty ideals affect body image?

Encourage comparison, dissatisfaction and low self-esteem.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — How can you promote positive body image?

Question media, avoid comparison, focus on strengths and respect body diversity.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are benefits of women participating in sport?

Improved physical health, mental wellbeing, confidence, teamwork and belonging.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What barriers can women face in sport?

Stereotypes, unequal opportunities, media coverage, funding and facilities.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — How can gender inequality in sport be challenged?

Provide equal opportunities, funding, respect, visibility and encouragement.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What is violence against women?

Violence that causes or may cause physical, sexual or psychological harm to women.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are the three broad types of violence?

Interpersonal: between people; self-directed: towards oneself; collective: between groups.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What is domestic violence?

Abuse within an intimate relationship, often involving power and control.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What is family violence?

Abuse between family members.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are forms of abuse?

Physical, sexual, emotional/psychological, financial, technology-facilitated and reproductive coercion.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are possible impacts of violence?

Injury, trauma, anxiety, isolation, reduced confidence and lasting harm.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — Which groups may face extra barriers seeking support?

First Nations women, women with disability, CALD women, LGBTIQA+ people, rural women and women in custody.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — How can violence against women be prevented?

Challenge stereotypes, promote equality and consent, and support people experiencing abuse.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What is skin cancer?

Abnormal growth of skin cells, often associated with UV damage.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are the three main types of skin cancer?

Melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

WOMEN'S HEALTH — Which main type of skin cancer is most dangerous?

Melanoma.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are BCC and SCC?

BCC often appears as a shiny lump; SCC may appear as a scaly red patch or sore.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What increases skin cancer risk?

UV exposure, sunburn, unusual or numerous moles and personal or family history.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are warning signs of skin cancer?

A changing mole, irregular border, varied colours, unusual spot or persistent sore.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What does ABCDE stand for when checking moles?

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Colour variation, Diameter/size change, Evolving.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — How is skin cancer diagnosed and treated?

A health professional examines the spot; biopsy may confirm it. Treatment depends on type and stage.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — How can skin cancer be prevented?

Use sunscreen, protective clothing, a hat, sunglasses and shade; avoid tanning beds.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What is breast cancer?

Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in breast tissue.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are possible breast cancer warning signs?

A new lump, breast shape or size changes, nipple changes or unusual discharge.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What is bowel cancer?

Abnormal cells growing in the colon or rectum.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are possible bowel cancer symptoms?

Persistent bowel changes, blood in stool, abdominal discomfort or unexplained weight loss.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What is cerebrovascular disease?

Conditions affecting blood vessels and blood flow to the brain, including stroke.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What can cause a stroke?

A blood clot blocks blood flow, or a blood vessel ruptures and bleeds.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are stroke risk factors?

High blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and irregular heartbeat.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — What are possible long-term stroke effects?

Weakness or paralysis, speech difficulties, memory problems and reduced independence.

WOMEN'S HEALTH — How can cerebrovascular disease risk be reduced?

Manage blood pressure and other risk factors, stay active and seek urgent help for stroke symptoms.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — Why might young people try drugs?

Curiosity, peer pressure, wanting to fit in, relaxation or wanting to feel grown up.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What is direct peer pressure?

Someone directly encourages or pressures you to use a substance.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What is indirect peer pressure?

Feeling pressured to fit in because other people are doing something.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — How can you respond to drug-related peer pressure?

Say no confidently, suggest another activity, stay with supportive friends or leave.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — Who can help if you feel pressured about drugs?

Parents, trusted family, teachers, school counsellors, doctors or another trusted adult.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — How can addiction affect someone's life?

It can harm physical and mental health, relationships, education, finances and future opportunities.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What is vaping?

Using a battery-powered device to inhale an aerosol that may contain nicotine, flavourings and other chemicals.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — Is vaping harmless?

No. It can affect health, and nicotine can cause dependence.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — Why can vaping contents be risky?

Ingredients and strengths may be uncertain, and nicotine-containing products can cause dependence.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What can excessive alcohol use do to relationships?

Cause arguments, poor decisions, misunderstandings, aggression, abuse and relationship breakdown.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — How can a parent's excessive drinking affect children?

Reduce their ability to care for a child and leave the child feeling neglected or let down.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What are possible long-term effects of alcohol-related relationship problems?

Separation, relationship breakdown and financial stress.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — Why might young people binge drink?

Peer pressure, curiosity, stress, wanting to fit in and social expectations.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — How can communities challenge risky drinking culture?

Alcohol education, alcohol-free events, age checks and responsible alcohol service.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What is MDMA (ecstasy)?

An illicit drug that can alter mood and perception; its contents and strength may be unpredictable.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What are the risks of MDMA?

Overheating, dehydration, sweating, jaw clenching, anxiety, exhaustion and sleep problems.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What is GHB?

A central nervous system depressant that can cause memory loss, unconsciousness and overdose.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — Why is GHB particularly dangerous with alcohol?

Both can depress the central nervous system, increasing the risk of overdose and death.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What is ice?

A highly addictive form of methamphetamine and a powerful stimulant.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What are the risks of ice?

Raised heart rate and temperature, dependence, and long-term heart, lung, brain and dental harm.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What is cocaine?

An addictive stimulant that increases alertness and heart rate.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What are the risks of cocaine?

Heart and kidney problems, seizures, stroke and overdose.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — Why are illicit drugs unpredictable?

They may contain unexpected substances or have unknown strengths.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What is drink spiking?

Adding alcohol or another substance to someone's drink without their knowledge or consent.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What are possible signs of drink spiking?

Dizziness, nausea, confusion, drowsiness, vomiting, memory gaps or loss of consciousness.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What should you do if you suspect drink spiking?

Tell trusted staff or an adult immediately and seek medical help if unwell.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — How can you reduce risks when going out?

Plan your trip home, stay with trusted friends and keep your drink with you.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What should you do if a friend may have overdosed?

Check safety, call 000 if seriously unwell, check breathing and follow emergency instructions.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What should you do if an unconscious person is breathing normally?

Place them on their side, monitor breathing and stay with them until help arrives.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What should you tell paramedics about a suspected overdose?

What the person may have taken and any other relevant information, if known.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What should you never do when helping someone who may have overdosed?

Leave them alone, make them vomit or assume they can sleep it off.

IT COULDN'T HAPPEN TO ME — What should you do if someone has a possible head or neck injury?

Avoid unnecessary movement and monitor breathing while waiting for emergency help.

BIOMECHANICS — What is biomechanics?

The study of how the body moves and how forces affect movement.

BIOMECHANICS — What is the skeletal system's role in movement?

Provides support, protects organs and forms joints where movement occurs.

BIOMECHANICS — What is the muscular system's role in movement?

Muscles contract to produce movement by pulling on bones.

BIOMECHANICS — What is a joint?

A place where two or more bones meet.

BIOMECHANICS — What is a ligament?

Tissue connecting bone to bone and helping stabilise joints.

BIOMECHANICS — What is a tendon?

Tissue connecting muscle to bone.

BIOMECHANICS — What is flexion?

Bending a joint and decreasing the angle between bones.

BIOMECHANICS — What is extension?

Straightening a joint and increasing the angle between bones.

BIOMECHANICS — What is abduction?

Moving a body part away from the body's midline.

BIOMECHANICS — What is adduction?

Moving a body part towards the body's midline.

BIOMECHANICS — What is a concentric muscle contraction?

A muscle shortens while producing force.

BIOMECHANICS — What is an eccentric muscle contraction?

A muscle lengthens while controlling force.

BIOMECHANICS — What is an isometric contraction?

A muscle produces force without changing length noticeably.

BIOMECHANICS — What is force?

A push or pull that can change an object's motion or shape.

BIOMECHANICS — What is Newton's First Law?

An object stays at rest or moves at constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

BIOMECHANICS — What is Newton's Second Law?

Acceleration depends on net force and mass: F = ma.

BIOMECHANICS — What is Newton's Third Law?

For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

BIOMECHANICS — What is the formula for force?

Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma).

BIOMECHANICS — What is speed?

Distance travelled per unit of time.

BIOMECHANICS — What is velocity?

Speed in a specified direction.

BIOMECHANICS — What is acceleration?

The rate at which velocity changes.

BIOMECHANICS — What is the formula for speed?

Speed = distance ÷ time.

BIOMECHANICS — What is the difference between distance and displacement?

Distance is the total path travelled; displacement is the straight-line change from start to finish in a direction.

BIOMECHANICS — What is balance?

The ability to maintain control of body position.

BIOMECHANICS — What is stability?

Resistance to being moved or losing balance.

BIOMECHANICS — How can a person increase stability?

Lower their centre of gravity, widen their base of support and keep their centre of gravity over the base.

BIOMECHANICS — What is the centre of gravity?

The point where the body's mass is considered to be balanced.

BIOMECHANICS — What is the base of support?

The area beneath and between the points supporting the body.