Types of glial cells, their functions, and their locations

Which CNS glial cell wraps its arm-like extensions around axons to form the myelin sheath, speeding up signal conduction?

A) Oligodendrocyte | B) Astrocyte | C) Ependymal cell | D) Schwann cell

Oligodendrocyte

Which ciliated CNS glial cells line the internal cavities of the brain and spinal cord to produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

A) Microglia | B) Satellite cells | C) Ependymal cells | D) Oligodendrocytes

Ependymal cells

Which CNS glial cells act as small macrophages that wander through tissue to phagocytize dead cells, microorganisms, and foreign matter?

A) Astrocytes | B) Ependymal cells | C) Schwann cells | D) Microglia

Microglia

Which most abundant CNS glial cell uses extensions called perivascular feet to stimulate blood capillaries to form the blood-brain barrier?

A) Oligodendrocyte | B) Astrocyte | C) Microglia | D) Ependymal cell

Astrocyte

Which of the following is also a key function of astrocytes in the CNS?

A) Absorbing excess neurotransmitters and K+ ions, and converting glucose to lactate for neurons | B) Producing cerebrospinal fluid with apical cilia | C) Forming the myelin sheath around PNS axons | D) Insulating neuron cell bodies inside peripheral ganglia

Absorbing excess neurotransmitters and K+ ions, and converting glucose to lactate for neurons

What is the process called when astrocytes form hardened scar tissue to fill space formerly occupied by damaged neurons?

A) Myelinogenesis | B) Phagocytosis | C) Synaptic remodeling | D) Astrogliosis (or sclerosis)

Astrogliosis (or sclerosis)

Which PNS glial cell (also called a neurilemmocyte) produces the myelin sheath around peripheral axons and assists in regenerating damaged axons?

A) Satellite cell | B) Oligodendrocyte | C) Schwann cell | D) Astrocyte

Schwann cell

Which PNS glial cells surround nerve cell bodies inside ganglia to provide insulation and regulate the chemical environment?

A) Schwann cells | B) Satellite cells | C) Microglia | D) Ependymal cells

Satellite cells

Which four neuroglia are found exclusively in the CNS?

A) Oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, and astrocytes | B) Schwann cells, satellite cells, astrocytes, and microglia | C) Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, satellite cells, and ependymal cells | D) Astrocytes, microglia, neurilemmocytes, and satellite cells

Oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, and astrocytes

Which pair of neuroglia performs the same insulating job (forming myelin sheaths) in the CNS and PNS, respectively?

A) Astrocytes (CNS) and satellite cells (PNS) | B) Microglia (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS) | C) Ependymal cells (CNS) and satellite cells (PNS) | D) Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)

Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)