Chapter 2/3 test review Anatomy

Cell membrane

External boundary; confines cell contents, regulates entry and exit of materials

Lysosomes

scattered in cytoplasm; digested material

Mitochondria

scattered; control release of energy from foods forms ATP

Microvilli

Plasma membrane; expands the cell

Golgi apparatus

near nucleolus; packages proteins

Centrioles

two rod-shaped bodies near the nucleolus; Direct formation of the mitotic spindle

Smooth ER

in cytoplasm; helps transport lipids

Rough ER

in cytoplasm; helps transport proteins

Ribosomes

Attached to membrane systems or scattered in the cytoplasm; synthesis proteins free and bound

Chromatin

In nucleolus, genetic material

peroxisome

Scattered in cytoplasm; detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide

Inclusions

Cell membrane; sending out newly made proteins or bringing them in

A-U

RNA

A-T

DNA

Exocytosis

A means of secreting cell products; requires ATP

Endocytosis

provides for cellular uptake of solid or large particles from the cell exterior

diffusion

Passive processes

cytosis

Active processes

Cilia

Helps generate movement in the cell and is a microscopic, hair-like organelle projections that extend from the surface of eukaryotic cells.

Flagella

helps move; tail of sperm cell

Phagocytosis

Fats

Pinocytosis

cell drinking (seen in your liver with alcohol)

Hypertonic

Transcription

Convert the DNA base sequence into the complementary mRNA base sequence.

Translation

taking the mRNA into amino acids

Anticodon

You can not translate and known as tRNA

Microtubules

Determine the overall shape of a cell

Deoxyribose

DNA sugar

Nucleotide

Makes up a sugar phosphate back bone + and base

Carbon

Organic compounds

Proteins

Made out of amino acids held together by peptide bonds; Polypeptides

Polysaccharide

Stach; long chain of sugars

Enzymes

Speeds up reaction time

Isotonic

Hypotonic

Prophase

chromatin could & condenses to form deeply staining bodies called chromosomes, while the nuclear membrane begins to break down.

Metaphase

Chromosomes align on the equator of the spindle the nuclear membrane is absent

Anaphase

Centromeres break and chromosomes begin migration towards opposite poles of the cell

Telophase

The nucleoid and membrane reappear; both daughter cells are born