Chap 6 ~ proteins

how many amino acids are there?

20

how many of the 20 amino acids are essential?

9

• a ______ supply of amino acids exists in pools in your body for the _________ of ________ as needed.

• _______ amino acids are ______ _____ and use for ______, ______, or stored as _____.

• a limited supply of amino acids exists in pools in your body for the synthesis of proteins as needed.

• extra amino acids are broken down and used for glucose, energy, or stored as fat.

when your body breaks down extra amino acids…..what happens?

the leftover nitrogen becomes toxic ammonia, so the liver converts it to urea and your kidneys remove it in urine

all 20 amino acids need to be available for what?

All 20 amino acids need to be available to synthesize proteins.

complete proteins contain….

all 9 essential amino acids

are animal proteins complete proteins?

yes

plant proteins are typically…

incomplete

what are egg and milk?

egg and milk are the highest quality proteins

what are complementary proteins?

legumes and grain

how are complementary proteins made?

by combining 2 plant proteins to make sure all amino acids are available

adults should consume a minimum of….

adults should consume a minimum of 0.8 g protein/kg body weight

is bile part of protein?

Bile is not part of protein, it comes from cholesterol

what is protein energy malnutrition (PEM) caused by?

it is caused by inadequate protein &/or calories

deficiency of protein is called….

kwashiorkor

deficiency of calories is called…

marasmus

nitrogen balance:

positive during….

negative during…(4 things)

positive during growth

negative during stress, illness, starvation, and/or poor protein quality intake

what can vegetarian diets be?

vegetarian diets can be healthy if planned with care

vegetarian diets tend to be healthier because…

less obesity and heart disease