Moraxella & Bordatella

What is the morphology of Moraxella bovis?

• gram negative short rods in pairs

• Aerobic

True or False: M. Bovis and M. Bovoculi often occur as a co-infection.

TRUE

Which Moraxella species lacks the classic pili and cytotoxic comboination?

M. Bovoculi

Where is the normal habitat of M. Bovis in cattle?

conjunctiva and nasopharynx of cattle (silent carrier)

What are the three predisposing factors of pinkeye?

• Environmental: flies, hot weather

• Infectious: Bovine herpes virus 1, Mycoplasma, CHylamydia

• Individual: age, breed, immune status

What is the cytotoxin produced by M. Bovis?

MbxA RTX → pore forming cytotoxin to lose corneal epithelium

Stage 1 Pinkeye

• photophobia

• Small ulcer

  • Cloudy grey corneal edema

Stage 2 Pinkeye

Blood vessels from outside cornea grow to attempt to heal the injury

Stage 3 Pinkeye

• ulcer covers most of the cornea

• Interior of eye filled with fibrin and WBC

• Eye is yellow in appaerance

Stage 4 Pinkeye

• ulcer completely covers cornea

• Iris protrudes through ulcer

True or False: Pinkeye may resolve at any stage with treatment but without treatment it will progress through all four stages.

TRUE

True or False: In sheep and goats, Moraxella ovis is the primary pathogen causing pinkeye.

FALSE - M. Conjunctivae and Chlamydia

How can you diagnose pinkeye?

• C/S

• Epidemiology

• Culture

  • Conjnctival swab → PCR

  • Blood agar → hemolytic

How should you transport a sample of M. Bovis?

• Amies & Charcoal

• Keep cool

• Culture within 24hrs

How do you treat pinkeye in cattle?

• Long acting tetracyclines SQ

• Penicillin with dexamethasone into the bulbar conjunctiva

  • If ulcers is not deep or perforated

• Eye patch

What vaccines can be used to prevent pinkeye in cattle?

• FImbrial

• Bacterin

To prevent M. Bovis, ear tags should be used:

at turnout and rotated insecticides

What is the morphology of Bordatella?

gram negative cocobaccili

Aerobic

WHat is the selective medium for Bordatella?

Smith Baskerville medium

WHat is Canine Infectious Respiratory DIsease Complex?

combo of a virus and bacteria causing respiratory disease

Atypical CIRDC is:

• negative test for regular CIRDC pathogens With resp disease

Wher does Bordatella live in the patient?

upper respiratory tract of swine, dogs, adn rabbiots

How is Bordatella transmitted in swine?

direct contact

What virulence factors does Bordatella have?

• Tracheal cytotoxin → disrupt ciliated cells

• Adenylate cyclase (hemolysin) - . Inhibit phagocytosis

• Dermonecrotix toxin → Induce nectosis (atrophic rhinitis in pigs)

What does Bordatella use for adherence?

Fimbriae

Pneumonia in dogs is caused by:

B. Bronchiseptica + Canine distemper virus

Atrophic rhinitis in pigs is caused by:

B. Bronchiseptica and Type D pasturella multocida

Snuffles in Rabbits is caused by:

B. Bronchiseptica + pasturella multocida

Turkey coryza in birds is caused by?

B. Avium

What is the C/S for kennel cough?

goose-honking cough

How long is the clinical course of kennel cough? How long can puppies shed?

10-14 days

• shed up to 3 months

How can you prevent kennel cough?

• 2 week isolation

• Disinfect kennels with bleach

• Vaccination

When would antibiotics be used in dogs with kennel cough?

• not eating

• Fever

• Showing signs of severe respiratory disease

True or False: Vaccination eliminates the risk of infection.

FALSE

What are the three types of Bordatella vaccine?

• IN - attenuated live more effective IgA

• SQ

• Oral - live attenuated

The quality of protection a dog derives from vaccination is based on what two things?

• route of administration

• Number of antigens administered

What two pathogens cause atrophic rhinitis?

B. Bronchiseptica and pasteurella multocida

What does atrophic rhinitis cause?

Turbinate atrophy

The non-progressive form of AR is caused by _______ and is ________.

B Bronchiseptica; reversible

Progressive RA is caused by ________ and is _______.

Toxigenic p multocida; irreversible

How can you diagnose RA?

Deep nasal swab and culture

Snout cross section with turbinate scoring

How can you prevent AR?

• reduce stock density

• Improve ventilation and biosecurity

• Vaccinate sows to decrease transmission to piglets

In cats, what is associated with upper respiratory tract infections?

feline calici virus and feline herpes virus

True or False: B. Bronchiseptica cannot be transmitted from dogs to cats.

FALSE

What are the clinical signs of bordetella avium?

Open mouth breathing, thick brown exudate, foamy eye