Kartlar: 2 - A Brief History of Computing (Leaving Cert)
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18 Terms
Charles Babbage
Who is credited with designing the first mechanical calculator called the Difference Engine in 1822?
To solve the problem of humans making errors when writing mathematical tables
What was the purpose of the Difference Engine?
Polynomial functions, specifically x3 + 7x2 + 5x + 3 = 0
What type of functions could the Difference Engine solve?
About the size of a car
What was the size of the Difference Engine?
Thousands
How many moving parts were involved in the Difference Engine?
Carry out general-purpose computations on data stored on punched cards
What was the Analytical Engine designed to do?
Ada Lovelace
Who is considered the first computer programmer?
The real potential of the Analytical Engine through algorithms
What did Ada Lovelace document regarding the Analytical Engine?
To store programs
What were punched cards used for in the Analytical Engine?
A tape, a head, a state register, and a table of instructions
What parts make up a Turing Machine?
The Enigma machine to crack codes
What was the Turing Machine involved in creating, during World War II?
The Z3
The first digital, programmable computer
Transistors
Replaced vacuum tubes in the 1950s and revolutionized electronics.
The first transistorized computer
The IBM 608 which could perform 4,500 additions per second and cost €500,000 (in today's money).
Integrated circuit
Multiple electronic circuits on a single semiconductor chip. It allowed for the development of smaller and more powerful computers, including the AGC (Apollo Guidance Computer) which made the moon landing possible.
Microprocessor
A CPU (Central Processing Unit) that performs operations on binary input data based on stored instructions. It is the foundation of modern computers and allows for high-speed processing.
Commodore, Apple, and IBM
Some of the early producers of personal computers in the 1970s and 1980s
The Summit
The fastest computer today with 9,216 CPUs. It can perform quadrillions of operations per second, which is about 5 million times faster than a normal laptop and 66 billion times faster than the first supercomputer from about 50 years ago.