CELLS - ORGANELLES

Organelles

are specialized structures that

perform certain functions

Cytoplasm

a jelly-like fluid that surrounds the

organelles, located between the

plasma membrane and nucleus

Nucleus

Organelle located centrally, its

directs cell activities also known as

the control center of the cell. DNA

within here regulates protein

sysnthesis and therefore the

chemical reactions of the cell

Nuclear Envelope

bounds the nucleus, it consists of

outer and inner membranes with a

narrow space between them

Nuclear Pores

the fusing of inner and outer

membranes to form pore-like

structures, through which materials

can pass into or out of the nucleus

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Mostly found within the nucleus

Chromosomes

the discrete structures that dna and

associated proteins are organized to

Histones

associated protein important for the

structural organization of DNA

Chromatin

delicate filaments the

chromosomes are dispersed to

throughout the nucleus

Ribosomes

Components that are produced in

the nucleolus

Organelles where proteins are

produced

Free Ribosomes

Ribosomes that are not attached to

any other organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A series of membranes forming

sacs and tubules that extends from

the outer nuclear membrane to the

cytoplasm

Cisternae

the interior spaces of those sacs

and tubules that are isolated from

the rest of the cytoplasm

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Has ribosomes attached to it, are

sites where proteins are produced

and modified for use as integral

membrane preoteins for secretion

into extracellular space

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Has no attached ribosomes, is a site

for lipid synthesis, cellular

detoxification, and it stores calcium

ions

Detoxification

the process by which enzymes act

on chemicals and drugs to change

their structure and reduce toxicity

Golgi Apparatus

Composed of flattened

membranous sacs, containing

cisternae stacked on each other

Consists of closely packed stacks

of curved membrane bound sacs

Golgi Complex

It collects, modifies, packages and

distributes proteins and lipids

manufactured by the ER

Forms vesicles which are secretary

vesicles, lysosomes and other

vesicles

Transport Vesicles

Vesicles that move to the golgi

apparatus

Lysosomes

are membrane bound vesicles

formed from the Golgi apparatus,

contains varoius enzymes that

function as intracellular digestive

system

Autophagy

a process wherein lysosomes digest

the organelles of the cell that are no

longer functional

Peroxisomes

are small membrane bound vesicles

containing enzymes that

breakdown fatty acids, amino

acids, and hydrogen peroxide

Catalase

breaks down toxic chemicals to

non toxic

Proteasomes

large protein complexes containing

enzymes that breakdown and

recycle other protiens within the

cell