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Avante-garde art
Non-traditional, radically experimental, challenging to the viewer, usually rejected at first

Burgher
A medieval merchant-class town dweller.

Eustache de Saint Pierre
The best known figure of the group of six known as The Burghers of Calais: the first to volunteer and surrender, wearing "a shirt and a rope around his neck" to the King of England at that time, Edward III, to save the people of Calais.

One Hundred Years War
1337-1453 Between the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, for control of the latter kingdom. Each side drew many allies into the war.
plein air painting
painting what you observe in nature, outdoors

Ukiyo-e
Translated as "pictures of the floating world", a Japanese genre painting popular from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century

Japonisme
The French fascination with all things japonese. Second half of 19th century. Impressionist and Post-impressionist were especially impressed with bold contour lines, flat areas of color, and cropped edges in Japanese woodblock prints.

Aquatint Etching
Process whereby acid is allowed to bite into a copper plate prepared with resin which is then inked and printed.

drypoint etching
Intaglio technique
Use a needle/sharp point to directly draw onto the plate (no acid bath)

synesthesia
when one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another

Symbolist
artist or artistic style belonging to the movement in European art and literature, c. 1885-1910, that conveyed meaning by the use of powerful yet ambiguous symbols

Vienna Secession Movement
Movement that was formed as a critical reaction to the conservatism of the art institutions in the Austrian capital. Gustave Klimt was the first president of the movement

cubism
An Artistic movement that focused on geometric shapes, complex lines, and overlapping planes.

Analytic cubism
The first phase of Cubism, developed jointly by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, in which the artists analyzed form from every possible vantage point to combine the various views into one pictorial whole.

Synthetic cubism
the late phase of cubism, characterized chiefly by an increased use of color and the imitation or introduction of a wide range of textures and material into painting.

The Gare Saint-Lazare Station
Artist: Claude Monet
Period: Impressionism
Dates: 1877 C.E.
Culture: France
Material: Oil on canvas

The Burghers of Calais
Artist: Auguste Rodin
Period: Impressionism
Dates: 1884-1895 C.E.
Culture: France
Material: Bronze

The Coiffure
Artist: Mary Cassatt
Period: Impressionism
Dates: 1890-1891 C.E.
Culture: France
Material: Drypoint and aquatint on laid paper

Starry Night
Artist: Vincent van Gogh
Period: Post Impressionism
Dates: 1889 C.E.
Culture: France
Material: Oil on canvas

The Scream
Artist: Edvard Munch
Period: Post Impressionism
Dates: 1893 C.E.
Culture: Norway
Material: Tempera and pastels on cardboard

Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?
Artist: Paul Gauguin
Period: Post-Impressionism
Dates: 1897-1898 C.E.
Culture: South Pacific
Material: Oil on canvas

Mont Sainte-Victoire
Artist: Paul Cézanne
Period: Post Impressionism
Dates: 1902-1904 C.E.
Culture: France
Material: Oil on canvas

The Kiss
Artist: Gustav Klimt
Period: Vienna Secession
Dates: 1907-1908 C.E.
Culture: Vienna
Material: Oil on canvas

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Period: Cubism
Dates: 1907 C.E.
Culture:
Material: Oil on canvas

Goldfish
Artist: Henri Matisse
Period: Fauvism
Dates: 1912 C.E.
Culture: France
Material: Oil on canvas

The Portuguese
Artist: George Braque
Period: Cubism
Dates: 1911 C.E.
Culture: France
Material: Oil on canvas
