BIO1120- CHP12- Bone Structure and Classification

long bone

femur; humerus; phalanges

short bone

carpals; tarsals; sesamoid bones

flat bones

ribs; scapula; sternum; most cranial bones

irregular bones

vertebra; some facial bones like sphenoid

osteon

cylinder-shaped unit of compact bone

central canal

contains blood vessels and nerves

concentric lamella

concentric ring of matrix around the central canal of the osteon

interstitial lamella

matrix between osteons composed of the remaining old osteons

circumferential lamella

matrix that runs parallel to the surface of bone

lacuna

small chamber for osteocyte

bone extracellular matrix

collagen and calcium phosphate

canaliculus

minute tube containing cellular process

perforating canal

runs perpendicular to the central canal; contains blood vessels and nerves

epiphysis

enlarged cells

epiphyseal plate

growth zone of hyaline cartilage

epiphyseal line

site of original epiphyseal plate that has completely ossified

articular cartilage

on the ends of the epiphyses

diaphysis

shaft between epiphyses

seriosteum

strong membrane around bone of dense irregular connective tissue

compact (dense) bone

forms diaphysis and epiphyseal surfaces

spongy (cancellous) bone

within epiphyses

medullary (marrow) cavity

hollow chamber in diaphysis; contains bone marrow

endosteum

thin membrane of reticular connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity

yellow bone marrow

occupies the medullary cavity and stores adipose tissue

red bone marrow

occupies spongy bone in some epiphyses and flat bones and produces blood cells